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Hidalgo's RebellionFather Miguel Hidalgo had led a group of mestizos and Native Americans from Mexico in a revolt against Spain in order to gain equality. The rebellion was successful at first, but was then defeated in 1811.
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Monroe DoctrineUnited States issues the Monroe Doctrine which warning Europe against the recolonization of the newly independent Spanish American republics.
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The AlamoSanta Anna defeats a group of Texans at the Alamo. The deaths here include that of Davey Crockett and James Bowie.
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Houston defeats Santa Anna.
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Texas independance tries to get recognized by the Mexican government. The Mexican troops then retreat to the south of the Rio Grande.
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The belief by many people in the United States that westward and outward expansionism represented their god's plan for their country.
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U.S. filibuster William Walker and his mercenaries invade and occupy Nicaragua. Walker declares himself president, rules for 2 years, and is finally shot by a Honduran firing squad on September 12, 1860.
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Liberals (aided by U.S.) vs. Conservatives (aided by Spain).
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Cinco de MayoMexican general Zaragoza defeats the French at Puebla. Napoleon III sends more troops in and took over Mexico City in June 1863. Austrian Archduke Maximilian becomes the Emperor of Mexico.The French were forced to leave Mexico in 1867 because they were needed in Europe. Maximilian surrendered at Queretaro. Juarez took back control. Maximilian was executed in 1867. Juarez died in office in 1872. Porfirio Diaz becomes president in 1877.
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A Cuban war against Spanish rule.
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Treaty of Cuba which agreed to an end to slavery and some reforms. Spain never honored the treaty which leads to the Cuban War of Independence/War of 1895.
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The Cuban Revolutionary Party, which was under the leadership of Jose Marti, begins war.
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José Martí worked his entire life to free Cuba from Spanish rule. He was killed in the Battle of Dos Ríos in the War for Cuban Independence in 1895. The war would eventually be successful, and Martí would be remembered as a national hero as well as Cuba’s unofficial national poet.
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Spanish American WarSpain vs. U.S. in Philippines and Cuba. U.S. wanted to protect investments in Cuba, Jingoism. Maine was destroyed in Havana harbor in February 1898. Admiral Dewey annihilated Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in May 1898. Teddy Roosevelt's Rough Riders captured heights above Santiago de Cuba. Puts Spanish fleet under bombardment. Naval Battle of Santiago ends the war. Treaty of Paris made Cuba independent. Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines are ceded to U.S.
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Platt Amendment to Cuba's new constitution gave the U.S. the unilateral right to intervene in the island's political affairs.
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Indians and peasants, who wanted redistribution of land, new system of government, and improved status of Indians vs. Church and wealthy capitalists
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A plan that demanded the transfer of lands to peasants and real political rights.
