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Period: 1400 to
Antiguo Régimen
Antiguo Régimen es el término que los revolucionarios franceses utilizaban para designar al sistema de gobierno anterior a la Revolución francesa y que se aplicó también al resto de las monarquías europeas cuyo régimen era similar. -
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La Ilustración
La Ilustración fue un movimiento cultural e intelectual, primordialmente europeo,que nació a mediados del siglo xviii. Fue especialmente activo en Inglaterra, Francia y Alemania. Inspiró profundos cambios culturales y sociales, y uno de los más drásticos fue la Revolución francesa. Se denominó de este modo por su declarada finalidad de disipar las tinieblas de la ignorancia de la humanidad mediante las luces del conocimiento y la razón. -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu was a French judge, man of letters, historian, and political philosopher. He is the principal source of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He is also known for doing more than any other author to secure the place of the word despotism in the political lexicon. -
Voltaire
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher.He was famous for his wit, and his criticism of Christianity—especially the Roman Catholic Church—and of slavery. Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state. -
Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the development of modern political, economic, and educational thought. -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment. Also seen as "The Father of Economics" or "The Father of Capitalism" -
George Washington
George Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the Constitution of the United States and the American federal government. -
James Watt
James Watt was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1776, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743[a] – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation. -
Louis XVI
Louis XVI was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France, son and heir-apparent of King Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. -
Robespierre
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre was a French lawyer and statesman who became one of the best-known, influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. His goal was to create a one and indivisible France, equality before the law, to abolish prerogatives and to defend the principles of direct democracy. He earned the nickname "the incorruptible" for his adherence to strict moral values. -
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte, later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. He was the de facto leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814 and again in 1815. He is considered one of the greatest military commanders in history. -
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Primera Revolución Industrial
Es el proceso de transformación económica, social y tecnológica que se inició en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII en el Reino de Gran Bretaña.Durante este periodo se vivió el mayor conjunto de transformaciones económicas, tecnológicas y sociales de la historia de la humanidad desde el Neolítico, que vio el paso desde una economía rural basada fundamentalmente en la agricultura y el comercio a una economía de carácter urbano, industrializada y mecanizada. -
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Revolución Americana
El ejemplo estadounidense fue decisivo para que en 1789 el protagonismo revolucionario pasara a Francia, y posteriormente a España y a Hispanoamérica, dentro de lo que se ha denominado el «ciclo atlántico» de las revoluciones burguesas o revoluciones liberales. -
George Stephenson
George Stephenson was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Renowned as the "Father of Railways", Stephenson was considered by the Victorians a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement. Self-help advocate Samuel Smiles particularly praised his achievements. His chosen rail gauge, sometimes called "Stephenson gauge", was the basis for the 4 feet 8+1⁄2 inches (1.435 m) standard gauge used by most of the world's railways. -
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Asamblea Constituyente
La Asamblea Nacional Constituyente fue la primera asamblea constituyente de Francia. Formada a partir de la Asamblea Nacional, fue proclamada el 4 de julio de 1789, en los inicios de la Revolución francesa.Fue sustituida por la Asamblea Legislativa el 30 de septiembre de 1791, una vez finalizados los trabajos de redacción de la Constitución. -
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Revolución Francesa
La Revolución francesa fue un conflicto social y político, con diversos periodos de violencia, que convulsionó Francia y, por extensión de sus implicaciones, a otras naciones de Europa que enfrentaban a partidarios y opositores del sistema conocido como el Antiguo Régimen. Se inició con la autoproclamación del Tercer Estado como Asamblea Nacional en 1789 y finalizó con el golpe de Estado de Napoleón Bonaparte en 1799. -
Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
La Asamblea Nacional Constituyente fue la primera asamblea constituyente de Francia. Formada a partir de la Asamblea Nacional, fue proclamada el 9 de julio de 1789, en los inicios de la Revolución francesa. La Asamblea tomó innumerables medidas que cambiaron profundamente la situación política y social del país. -
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Imperio Napoleonico
El primer Imperio francés,también conocido como el Imperio napoleónico o la Francia napoleónica, fue el gobierno monárquico establecido por Napoleón Bonaparte tras la disolución de la Primera República Francesa en 1804.En su máximo apogeo, el Imperio comprendió la mayor parte de Europa Occidental y Central, además de poseer numerosos dominios coloniales y estados clientelares. -
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was a French socialist,politician, philosopher, economist and the founder of mutualist philosophy. He was the first person to declare himself an anarchist, using that term, and is widely regarded as one of anarchism's most influential theorists. Proudhon is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism".Proudhon described the liberty he pursued as "the synthesis of communism and property". -
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War and succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. -
Mikhail Bakunin
Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin was a Russian revolutionary anarchist, socialist and founder of collectivist anarchism. He is considered among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major founder of the revolutionary socialist and social anarchist tradition. Bakunin's prestige as a revolutionary also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe. -
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Congreso de Viena
El Congreso de Viena fue un encuentro internacional celebrado en la capital austriaca, convocado con el objetivo de restablecer las fronteras de Europa tras la derrota de Napoleón Bonaparte y reorganizar las ideologías políticas del Antiguo Régimen. -
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary.Marx's political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic, and political history. -
Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels, was a German philosopher, critic of political economy, historian, political theorist and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford (Lancashire, England) and Barmen, Prussia (now Wuppertal, Germany). -
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Revoluciones de 1820 y 1830
Revolución de 1820 o ciclo revolucionario de 1820 son los nombres con los que la historiografía ha designado al conjunto de procesos revolucionarios que tuvieron lugar en Europa alrededor de 1820. Fue la primera de las llamadas oleadas o ciclos revolucionarios que sacudieron Europa con posterioridad a las guerras napoleónicas y que se repitieron sucesivamente en las revoluciones de 1830 y de 1848 -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and early versions of the electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world -
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Segunda Revolución Industrial
Se refiere a los cambios interrelacionados que se produjeron aproximadamente entre 1870 hasta 1914, cuando se inicia la Primera Guerra Mundial. El proceso de industrialización cambió su naturaleza. Los cambios técnicos siguieron ocupando una posición central, junto a las innovaciones técnicas en nuevas fuentes de energía como el gas o la electricidad, nuevos materiales como el acero y el petróleo; y nuevos sistemas de transporte y comunicación.