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Was King of England and Ireland.
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Made Anne Boleyn a legitimate Queen. -
Founded the Anglican Church and made the King Henry VIII the Supreme Head of the Church of England. -
Rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire that lasted 6 months.
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Henry VII gave the permission to translate the Bible from Latin to English. -
Was held in the Italian city of Trent to show the symbol of Counter Reformation : Roman Catholic Church attempted to correct some of the abuse of church; condemned protestant heresies.
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Edward VI was 9 years old when he became King of England and Ireland. His uncle Edward Seymour was his Lord Protector.
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Revision of the mass-book led to the publication of the Book of Common Prayer which included complete forms of service daily and Sunday worship. -
In 1553, 1597 and 1601, poor laws were passed : they established the idea that central and local governments had a responsibility for helping the poor; they established a distinction between the "deserving poor" and "undeserving poor". This system remained in place until the 19th century : it was one of the most famous legacy of the Queen's reign.
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Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England; she was 37 years old and restored catholicism in 18 months. She became ill and died; neither the people nor her husband mourned her death as the nation turned against her.
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Heretics were burned and under Mary's reign, over 200 protestants went to the stake.
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Became Queen at 25 years old and needed to prove her legitimacy as a Queen. Before she died, she had secured the position of England in the world and she had imposed protestantism.
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This Act changed the Church organisation : abolished the authority of the Pope; restored authority of the Queen over the Church and made Elizabeth Supreme governor of the Church of England. -
This Act changed the religious belief : every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer and people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
These articles were made. They stated the doctrine of the Church; a new ecclesiology, doctrine of Salvation, definition of sacraments and of the mass. They are still in use today.
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It was a rebellion against religious reforms and an attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary Queen of Scots.
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Pope issued the papal bull that called Elizabeth "the so-called queen" and "a heretic favoring heretics"; almost gave licence to kill her with certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. Elizabeth was excommunicated. -
Made it treason for anyone ti say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
Was an Act to retrain the Queen's Majesty's Subjects in their due Obedience; provided death penalty for any person converting or already converted to Catholicism; forbidden to participate to Catholic mass; Anglican services were compulsory : £2à per month. -
Catholics sworn to kill Elizabeth and replace her by Mary Stuart but their strategy were discovered by Francis Walsingham : he deciphered a coded letter between Mary and a group of Catholics. -
She was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death : she wore a bright red dress, the color of Catholic martyrs. -
Philiph II, the Catholic King of Spain supported several plots against Elizabeth and she, in retaliation, supported the Dutch Revolution against Spain. Philip II attempted to invade England but it was a defeat, England won. To rally her troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada, she made a speech in Tilbury where she said : “I know I have the body of a weak woman but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and a King of England too”. -
James VI of Scotland, the son of Mary Queen of Scots, became James I of England and did from a heart attack
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It was a conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up the Parliament and kill James I. -
English men arrived in North America to start a settlement and they decided to establish in Jamestown in Virginia. -
James I arranged for his daughter Elizabeth to marry a Protestant prince called the Palatine; this one was invited to take throne of protestant Bohemia in place of Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg. Emperor sent army, supported by Catholic Spain and James I intervened for his daughter and because England was protestant power. The Palatine was supported by German princess, Scandinavia, France and Dutch Republic. In 1624 Parliament agreed finance war on Spain.
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The second son of James I, Charles I succeeded him as a head of the three kingdoms.
The Army wanted the King to be tried and conservative Members of Parliament wanted to negotiate with him. The conservative leader Members of Parliament were arrested during the Pride's Purge and the remainder Member of Parliament called "Rump Parliament" put the King on trial for high treason : He was executed. -
The members of the parliament made that petition in which they requested the King to recognize the illegality of extra parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial and that there were limits to his powers. Charles signe (7/05/1628), furious and the members were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham so Charles suspended parliament seating. -
Passed after dissolving the Parliament : Charles I ruled without calling a Parliament. Was also called by historians "The Eleven Years Tyranny".
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Were passed by the members of parliament and declared that anyone who tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism”, modify the protestant forms of the Church of England or advised the King to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent were an enemy of the Kingdom. Charles dissolved the Parliament and imprisoned the members that passed the three resolutions and he declared that there would be no more parliaments. ( Personal Rule ) -
The New Prayer Book/Book of Common Prayer was introduced in 1637 : Scotland was Presbyterian and this change was unacceptable. There was a petition opposing Charles' religious policy called "the Scottish National Covenant" in 1638. King Charles called for Parliament for the first time in 11 years in 1640.
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The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious : Charles was forced to pay the cost of the Scots' army and called the parliament again : "The Long Parliament" -
Was a document voted by Parliament after heated debater in which you can read all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on "revolutionary" demands like : the right of the House of commons to choose the King's minister; the right for parliament to control any army sent to Ireland and the right for the parliament to reform the Church. -
Charles I went with the troops into the House of Commons and attempted to arrest 5 Members of Parliament in January. As it was a breach of privilege, it showed that there could be no peace between King and Parliament. Charles left London as he was fearing for his life and formally declared war on Parliament in August. -
The tensions between the King and the Parliament were about : religious divisions, financial problems, their relations, governing 3 kingdoms and the Thirty year's war. The Parliament won.
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Was issued by the Army. It was the subject of Putney's Debates after the First English Civil War. -
The king escaped custody in 1647 and allied himself with the Scots which horrified the Parliament and led to the Second Civil War : it was made with a series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland. The Royalist were defeated by Cromwell : it was short.
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Colonel Pride entered the House of Commons, stopped the vote between the Army who wanted the King to be tried and the conservative Members of Parliaments who wanted to negotiate with the King and they arrested the 45 conservative leader. -
As England was declared a Commonwealth, it was governed by its people without a King but there was a failure to reach stability and the creation of a military protectorate ruled by Cromwell.
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Monarchy and House of Lords were abolished and England was declared a Commonwealth. -
Charles II was proclaimed King and raised a Scottish Army to invade England but Cromwell defeated the Scots Army in 1650 and crushed the Scots Royalist force led by Charles II in 1651 : Charles escaped.
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The Rump Parliament increased repression of internal critics and radical sects. They passed this Act to punish the attacks on God. -
It was England's first and only written constitution. -
Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector : he had the executive power; he controlled the military and diplomacy; he ruled with the help of legislative power. There was a parliament of 460 members elected every 3 years and to be allowed to vote, a man had to own £200 of personal property. There was a Council of State : composed of 13 to 21 members who served for life.
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Cromwell died and his son Richard became Lord Protector but resigned after 6 months. It led to a period of Anarchy and people wanted the return of monarchy. -
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda which offered a general amnesty in return for the restoration of monarchy : King was restored in May 1660. -
They were the last years of the direct Stuart reign in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland.
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Was called The Merry Monarch and became King of Great Britain who was restored to the throne after years of exile during the Puritan Commonwealth. The years of his reign are known in English history as the Restoration.
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All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of common Prayer. -
Was a disaster because of the increasing hostility towards Charles II and his court : was nicknamed the 'merry monarch". -
Was a rumor of a plot organized by the French to murder Charles II and replace him bu his Catholic brother James II. -
The Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English thrones and Charles dissolved the Parliament.
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James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland, and Scotland from his brother and was the last Stuart monarch in the direct male line. People feared a Catholic absolutism.
That revolution, engendered by James’s Roman Catholicism, permanently established Parliament as the ruling power of England. -
It's called the Glorious Revolution because there was no blood. The Parliament invited the King’s son in law, William of Orange to invade England and seize the crown so he landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistance. James’ army disintegrated and he fled to France and William became King William III. -
He directed the European opposition to Louis XIV of France and, in Great Britain, secured the triumph of Protestantism and of Parliament.
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It established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. -
It was a list of King James' misdeeds : Fixed limitations on the sovereign's powers; Set out the rights of Parliament; Set out basic civil rights; A key to political text. -
It settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs. It was a key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain. -
This war was triggered by the death of Charles II of Spain. It established the principle that dynastic rights were secondary to maintaining the balance of power between different countries.
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This Act permitted the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain with England, Wales and Scotland. They became : a single Kingdom but Scotland kept its Presbyterian church and own laws. -
Was the last Stuart monarch and there was rivalries between Whigs and Tories that characterized her reign were intensified by uncertainty over the succession to her throne..
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Became heir to the throne and the Whigs who had just gained control of the government, ushered him into power.
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Was considered as the first global conflict in history, and was a struggle for world supremacy between Great Britain and France.
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Also called as the Revolutionary War or the American War of Independence, was initiated by delegates from thirteen American colonies of British America in Congress against Great Britain.
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Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States : set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States of America
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Britain at war with France Combatting revolutionary ideology, maritime, colonial and economic motives.
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It was an uprising against British rule in Ireland; Influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions; Presbyterian radicals + Catholics and Rebels defeated. -
It permitted the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain with England, Scotland and Ireland. It was voted the 1 January 1800 but became effective January the 1st of 1801. -
End of the Napoleonic Wars : Napoléon Bonaparte defeated by Wellington’s Army. -
It introduced major changes to the electoral system of England and Wales and gave the right to vote to 5% of the population in Britain.