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The monk Martin Luther, against indulgences nailed the theses to the door of the university of Witterberg -
The first translation in english of the New Testament by William Tyndale. -
Henry VIII possesses the legal power to annul marriages. -
This act made Henry VIII the supreme head of the Church of England, thereby severing ties with the Roman Catholic Church. -
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At the young age of 9 years old, he became King of England. During his reign, he created a series of mesures in order to push England toward Protestantisme. However at his death, at 15 years old, he left the country bankrupt.
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Mary I, also known as "Bloody Mary", restored Catholicismin England.
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She created a reformation via the Anglican Church wich is a middle way between Catholicism and Protestantism
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The Queen is now the "Supreme Governor of the Church of England" instead of the Pope. -
This act established religious beliefs. -
A new doctine and ecclesialogy are establishes by the Queen
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The plot of two Earls in order to replace the Queen. -
Following the Queen's new legislation, the Pope excommunicated her through the papel bull. -
Francis Drake travelled around the wold and Walter Raleigh set the first colonie in America: "Virginia"
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This act is part of the repression of Catholics.
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After 19 years of holding Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I executed her because she participated in a plot against intended to replace her as the Queen. -
In order to rally the troops who were preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I uses the two bodies theory to convey a royal authority. -
The King of Spain ,Prince Philip II, became an ennemi of the Queen because he supported plots against her. As a result, she supported a Dutch revolt against Spain which lead the King invade England. However, England was victorious. -
A conspiracy made by a small group of people wanting to blow up the Parliament and in the same occasion kill the King. However, it failed. -
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The establishment of Jamestown in Virginia, the first British colony in North America. -
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Period of starvation when only 60 of the 500 colonists survive because there were shortage of drinkable water, insufficient growing of crops and conflicts with the Native Powhatan tribe.
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Because of financial problems, the King set a financial reforms in order to receive a fixed amount of money.
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In 1610, James dissmised the Parliament after they refused his "Great Contract".
In 1621, in order to raise funds the King summoned the Parliament but they refused he dissmised them again. But they agreed to give finance him in 1624 for the War against Spain but he died. -
The first English translation of the Bible -
The emperor Ferdinand II attempted to impose Roman Catholic absolutism on his domains, and the Protestant nobles of both Bohemia and Austria rose up in rebellion.
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New English colonies, such as in
1620 : the Plymouth colony
1634 : Maryland (Catholics)
1664 : The English took over the Dutch colony of New Netherland, which included the state of New Amsterdam. The English renamed it New York.
1682: Pennsylvania (Quakers) -
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The complaints of the members of Parliament. -
Because of the financial difficulties and the distrust for Lord Buckingham, the Parliament was dissmised during 1628 and between 1629 to 1640 to finally have a Long Parliament that lasted 11 years.
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Rule in which whoever tried to bring in Popery or Arminanism or alter the Protestant forms of the Church of England would be declared ennemy of the Kingdom. Moreover, the King was to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent. It led to an act of open defiance of the King's authority by the MPs. -
Period in which the King,Charles I ruled without calling the Parliament.
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Those 3 Protestant were put in pillory and their ears were cut off because of the pamphlets they wrote attacking the Archibishop Loud. They became symbols of religious change. -
Following the publication of the new Book of Common Prayer, Scotland was set aflame against the new religious policies. Therefore, many riots rose and they became a rebellion. They were victorious and invaded England and Charles was forced to pay the coast of the Scots'army.
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Following the invasion of England by the Scots, Charles I was forced to pay their army as an aftermatch of the war. -
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The Act was passed by the Parliament in order to place the army under the power of a general appointed by them. Moreover, the King's ability to appoint whoever he wanted was Taken away by this Act. -
The Parliament voted for an important document in which all the wong doings of Charles I were written and they concluded on revolutionary demands.It led in many heated arguments and it divided the Parliament into two groups the Parliamentorians, who belived in those demands and the Royalist who supported the King.
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Irish Catholic rebelled against Protestant settlers who, because of James I's policy, were to take the lands of Irish Catholic. This conflict resulted in a massacre of about 3000 or 4000 Protestants. However, those numbers were hidden in order to pass false rumors and cultivated the hatred between Catholics and Protestants.
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Charles I formally declared war on Parliament after an attempted plot against the Queen and the proposition of Parliament to make him a constitutional monarch.
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This war lasted 4 years and it opposed the Royalist and Parliamentarians. About 190 000 people died and the Parliamentarians were victorious when the King and Royalists surrendered. The King was then held in prison
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A turning point during the Civil War for the Parliamentorians because the Royalist forces became weaker. -
The Army issued the Agreement of the People that established the fact there is no authority above parliament.
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The Colonel Pride entered the House of Commons and stopped the vote by arresting 45 conservative leaders of the Parliament. The remainder MPs put the King on trial for high treason. -
In november 1647, King Charles I managed to escape and try to rally the Scots but his plan failed and he was again stopped.
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A Rebellion took place in order to get revente for the Irish atrocities aven if they were false. But it was crushed by Cromwell and his troops.
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During the Irish Rebellion, every man, woman and children were killed -
Period in between two reign. Indeed, England became a Commonwealth.
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A period in which England became a Commonwealth, ruled by the people and not by the King or the House of Commons which were both abolished. However, it failed.
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Act against people who committed blasphemy against God
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England 's first and only written constitution in which religious freedom is allowed for Christians and Catholics. -
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The General Cromwell was appointed Lord Protector of the Protectorate, a military dictatorship. Hower it lasted until his death in 1658
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Charles II promised a general amnesty, to continue religious toleration and to share the power with the Parliament in order for a restoration of monarchy -
Charles II became King of England.
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Ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer.
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In the spring and summer an outbreak of Bubonic Plague spread out in England and about thousands people died. The bodies were trown into huge pits. -
The Great Fire of London was a Big incendie that happened and it destroyed the whole center of London. -
Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II. -
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. In consequence Charles decided to dissolve the Parliament.
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Due to the birth of James II's son, Parliament decided to the King’s son in law (William of Orange) to invade England and seize the crown. This former landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistance.James’ army disintegrated and officers deserted.
Wheras James II fled to France, William became King William III. -
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This document limited the monarch’s power for the first time by, recognizing King James'misdeeds, setting the power of Parliament and setting basic civil war. -
It established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. -
King William III and Mary II had no surviving children and all the potential Stuart successors were Catholic. Therefore, Parliament ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs. -
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The creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland. -
The creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland.