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The French people storm the Bastille. This marks the start of the French Revolution which led to the removal of France's monarchy and its Estate System
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The French revolution was an uprising against the injustice of the estate system and the monarch Louis XVI. After the French won their independence, Maximilien Robespierre took power and the reign of terror occurred. 40,000 were executed. The reign of terror lasted until Robespierre was executed. Napoleon then took the title of emperor and conquered a lot of Europe.After Napoleon was defeated the Congress of Vienna turned things back to the way they were before the French Revolution.
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Toussaint L'Ouverture leads the slave revolt in Haiti in order to gain independence from France. They did this by infecting the French soldiers with illnesses like malaria from mosquitos
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Haiti takes their independence from France after 13 years of fighting
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Napoleon becomes the emperor of France and starts his quest to conquer Europe
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Simon Bolivar leads an army into New Granada which is now Colombia and liberates the people
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Miguel Hidalgo, a creole priest inspires the mexican people to revolt against Spain and gain independence
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Spain governer is expelled from Venezuela with the help of Simon Bolivar and the National Assembly officially declare Venezuela as independent
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The Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán after a war for independence led by San Martin
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The Chilean Declaration of Independence is signed and Chile officially becomes independent after a raid led by San Martin
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Spanish Viceroy Juan de O’Donojú signs the Treaty of Cordoba making Mexico and independent country
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The Ecuadorian war for Independence ended with the defeat of the Spanish forces at the Battle of Pichincha on May 24, 1822, which brought about the independence of the entire Presidencia de Quito.
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The Spanish Viceroy surrendered to Bolivar on this day and Peru became part of Grand Colombia
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Simon Bolivar liberates Bolivia from Spanish control after the Bolivian War for Independence which started in 1809
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Giuseppe Mazzini founded the secret organization Young Italy in Marseille, France to promote the unification and independence of Italy
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Bismarck introduces the Zolverein which dissolves thetrade barriers between the seperate German States
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Sardinia, France and England allied against Russia for this war to stop Russia from taking territory of modern-day Turkey. Sardinia didn't do much in the war and didn't really make a difference but due to their participation in the war Sardinia was given a seat at the Peace Negotiations at the Congress of Paris
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Giuseppe Garibaldi led his army of Red Shirts into Sicily on the night of May 5th 1860 which is also known as the expedition of the thousand. About 2 months later Garibaldi and his Red Shirts had conquered all of Sicily except Messina
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Camillo di Cavour becomes the prime minister of Sardinia. This is very important to the unification of Italy because of his efforts to drive Austria out of Italy and make allies with other nations and ultimately lead to the kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont controlling all of Italy
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Otto von Bismarck becomes the prime minister of Prussia and starts to think about uniting all of the seperate german states
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Otto von Bismarck speaks his famous blood and iron speech with marks the begining of german unification
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Prussia wages war on Denmark for the territories Schleswig and Holstein
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Prussia goes to war against Austria for control over the united German states. Prussia is victories and continues to unify Germany
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France wagws war on Prussia because Otto von Bismarck edited the Ems Dispatch so it looked like the Kaiser of Prussia inslulted Napoleon III. The war allowed Prussia to take control of Alcase-Lorraine and Germany became whole ans all the states were united
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The Second Reich was known as the Deutsches Reich, Kaiserreich or the German Empire in English.. It was established in 1871, when Otto von Bismarck united all of the small German states under the Prussian flag, following the Franco-Prussian war and the annexation of Alsace Lorraine from France.
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When Italy became fully unified everyone else gave up their power and united under the Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel ll
