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Was a artistic and philosophical movement that began in Italy. It brought new emphasis on the power of human reasoning.
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Comes upon Madeira Islands and establishes a colony at Porto Santo.
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Has traveled as far as the Rio de Oro
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Gutenberg invents new printing press
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Columbus lands in San Salvador in the Bahamas.
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First to sail around Africa to India.
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The statue of David is completed
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Mona Lisa painting is completed.
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Publishes "The Praise of Folly"
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Luther nails his 95 Theses on the front of his church, he later gets excommunicated by the pope for this.
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During this time the church is selling indulgences and stopping merchants from wanting usury; this angers the people.
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Becomes the first person the circumnavigate the globe.
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Defeats the Aztecs in Mexico.
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Loyola creates the Jesuits; the Society of Jesus.
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Claimed Canada; including Quebec
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Calvin publishes landmark text that institutes of the christian religion; it was an attempt to standardize theories of Protestantism.
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The Scientific Revolution started because curiosity, people questioned ancient beliefs, and started conducting experiments. New tools were also made such as scientific instruments.
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Copernicus develops the theory of the sun being in the center rather than the Earth. This theory is called the Heliocentric.
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Huguenots are attacked in civil wars.
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Becomes the second person to sail around the globe.
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Elizabeth I goes up against the Spanish Armada emerging victorious.
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Writes Romeo and Juliet.
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King Henry IV gives the Huguenots religious freedom.
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During this time many rulers believed in the idea of Divine Right; God chose them to rule their nation. In this time many documents would be made in effort to try to combat absolute monarchy. The Absolute Monarchies period would lead to the English Civil War, The Restoration, and Glorious Revolution.
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During this time lots of things start to change like, technologies, forms of art, new forms of literature, and new music.
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Cervantes writes Don Quixote. His writing form would be called a "novel".
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Kepler published laws of planetary motion and proved the Heliocentric model was correct.
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Louis XIII is crown king of France at the age of eight.
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Galilei discovers new moons of Jupiter and Saturn's rings. He also makes a new telescope.
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Harvey uses laboratory experiments and studies the circulation of blood, but also observed human heat.
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War erupts in Central Europe, its between various Protestant and Catholic sates. This is known to be one of the most destructive conflicts in human history.
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This war started when Charles I tried to arrest Parliament and this upset Parliament stating a war against the king.
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Charles I wanted to rule by divine right, but nobles wouldn't allow him so he sent troops to arrest them, but they escaped and this started the English Civil War. He was defeated in the English Civil War and was executed in public, but his family fled the country.
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The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that was influenced by modern science and religious conflict coming from Reformation. Philosophers emphasized the right of self expression and human fulfillment and the right to think and express freely without censorship. It would pave the way for the American and French Revolution.
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Wrote Leviathan, believed all humans were wicked and governments were created to protect people from themselves. Figured an absolute monarch would be best.
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Cromwell leads Parliament's forces against Charles I. He would become dictator of England after the war and Parliament didn't do anything because he had an army at his command.
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After Cromwell's death Charles II is asked by Parliament to come back and become king to restore the throne. This moment became known as the Restoration because monarchy was restored.
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Louis XIV is known for taking power away from the nobles and tried to make France a great place so that anyone would remember who boosted the country. He is also known for building the Palace of Versailles.
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Newton discovers Laws of Gravity and the three laws of motion.
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Peter the Great is known for dragging Russia out of Medieval times into modern times. Major changes were made in his rule, but after his death they were not permanent.
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During this time Parliament was desperate to get rid of James II that they asked Mary and William of Orange to replace him of the throne . No blood was shed in the turning over of power. Parliament is granted more power by William and Mary. William and Mary grant the people and English Bill of Rights.
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William and Mary grant the people an English Bill of Rights.
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Wrote Two Treatises of Government, believed that people had the gift of reason and came up with the natural rights; life, liberty, and property.
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Made his country Prussia a military society and kept his county safe, but also won many wars against opposing countries.
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Wrote Spirit of Laws, said that best government had separation of powers. Believed that England had best government. Was responsible for coming up with checks and balance.
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Writes the Candide, felt that religious toleration should win over religious fanaticism, but also believed in separation of church and state. Also wrote against Prejudice, Superstition, and Intolerance.
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Wrote the Social Contract, said that "man was born free, yet everywhere his is he is in chains". He also said that " that civilization want the stronger ruled over the weaker."
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Everyone is part of the Three Estates in France.
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The National Assembly issued The Declaration of the Rights of Men.
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During this time the people of France were not happy with France's ruler because they were in the brink of bankruptcy.
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Louis XVI calls for Estate General
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Third Estates take the Tennis Court Oath when locked out by the king.
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The Bastille is stormed by the people.
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Peasants are afraid of being attacked by troops.
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National Assembly complete a new Constitution.
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Radicals take over the French government.
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The Reign of Terror is started by Robespierre.
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A Coup d' état is thrown is in France.
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Is elected emperor of French Empire by submitting a plebiscite.
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Lost by sneak attacks while returning to France, but worst challenge was the Russian winter.
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Napoleon surrenders and gets exiled for the first time.
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Napoleon is defeated at Waterloo and is exiled for the final time.
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Delacroix Paints Liberty Leading the People.(The French People)
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King Henry VIII forms the Anglican Church.
