Western belief systems By ellasteinberg 1700 BCE Judaism started Judiasm 586 BCE The first significant Jewish Diaspora (Babylonian Exile) Judaism 332 BCE Land conquered by Alexander the Great; Hellenistic rule. Judaism 44 BCE Julius Caesar deified by the Roman Senate Christianity 66 Death of Peter Death of James, brother of Jesus and head of the church in Jerusalem CE 100 Christianity started CE 570 Muhammad is born in Mecca. 630 Muhammad returns to Mecca and gains control of the city. 700 Islam started CE