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Muhammad is born in Mecca. He comes from a noble family and is well-known for his honesty and upright character. He was born i a low-level merchant and worked his way up with his honesty and upright character
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In 610 C.E. Muhammad, who at the time was 40 years of age, was visited by the angel Gabriel. At the cave where he is visited, he is told by the angel that he is God's and the first words of the Quran. He relays these words to Muslims and tell them to worship this one God but people then began to persecute him and his followers
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After Being tortured in Mecca, Muhammad travels to Medina with his followers where most people there accepted the religion and converted. Muhammad also established laws there based on the Quran and later on invited other tribes to the Islamic culture.
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After Muhammad gains followers in Medina, they all return back to Mecca with an accepting mindset and eventually convinces all of the citizens to accept Islamis faith. He then changes the whole city so that it can be dedicated to one God.
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After a prolonged illness, Muhammad passes away. As a result, The Muslim community elected Abu Bakr, his father-in-law, as the new caliph.
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Muslims move into Egypt and conquer the Byzantine army. They also considered moving in further to the people of the Byzantine Empire.
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During 655, Islam begins to spread specifically throughout North Africa.
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In 661, Imam Ali is killed, bringing to an end the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule
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In 711, the Muslims moved into Spain in the west and India in the east. Islamic control at this point controlled almost all of the Iberian Peninsula.
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In 732, Muslims are defeated at Potiers in France by Charles Martel.
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In 750, the Umayyads were taken over by the Abbasids. As a result, the power then shifts to Baghdad.
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Islam spreaded through the continent of Africa in 1000, including Nigeria, which served as a trading central between northern and central Africa.
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In 1095, European Crusaders take Jerusalem from the Muslims. Eventually Muslims defeat the Crusaders and regain control of the holy land.
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In 1100, the Islamic rule was weakended due to the struggles among Islamic rulers and Christion crusades.
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In 1120, Islam continued to spread throughout Asia. In addition, Malaysian traders came in contact with Muslims who taught them about Islam and their culture,
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In 1206, Genghis Khan was proclaimed ruler of all Mongols. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and then under the rule of his descendants, who sent invasions in every direction.
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In 1299, The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
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The 1300's were the years that the Ottoman Empire chose to start capturing. During these years they captured Bursa and Iznik and also moved into Europe. Later on the empire took control of the Balkans.
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Timur's armies were feared throughout Asia, Africa, and Europe, sizable parts of which were laid waste by his campaigns. Scholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people.
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In 1453, the Ottomans conquer Constantinople, seat of the Ottoman Empire, and rename the city Istanbul.
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By 1500 the Safavids had adopted the Shi'a branch of Islam and were eager to advance Shi'ism by military means.They had great devotion for their leader as a religious leader and perfect guide as well as a military chieftain, and they viewed their leaders position as rightly passed from father to son.
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From 1520 to 1566, Suleiman the Magnificant personaly led Ottoman armies in conquering the Christian states of Belgrade, Rhodes, as well as most of Hungary. He also helped the Ottoman Empire reach its Golden Age with their artistic, literary, and architectural advancements.
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Babur's victory at Panipat in 1526 established the Mughal Empire and ended the reign of the Delhi Sultanate.
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1529 was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. This siege marked the maximum expansion of the Ottoman Empire.
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Akbar was an ambitious and noble commander who built the largest army ever in the history of the Mughal empire. He also encouraged contact between Muslims and Hindus in society.
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From 1588 to 1629 Shah Abbas l was king of the Safavid dynasty in Persia. Shah Abbas strengthened the Safavid dynasty and also promoted commerce and the arts, so that Persian artistic achievement reached a high point during his reign.
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In the 1700's, Muhammad Abd al-Wahhab rejects Sufism and all innovation. Founds what becomes the Saudi Arabian kingdom. Hindus regain power from Mughals in northern India.
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In 1722, the Safavid Dynasty was invaded and taken over by the afhgans. The Afghan Shahs controlled the state and foreign policy, and could levy taxes and make secular laws.
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In 1857, a rebellion that began as a small mutiny led to many more mutinys which eventually led to a serioues threat to companys in regions that contained fighting.
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In 638, Muslims enter the area north of Arabia, known as "Sham," including Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq.
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Al-Rashid ruled from 786 to 809, and his time was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Harun al-Rashid was also the fifth Caliph
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Perfectus, who is a Christian priest, was executed after he refuses to take back insults he said toward the prophet Muhammad. Numerous other priests, monks, and laity would follow as Christians became caught up in a zest for martyrdom.
