Islamic Empires

Muhammad was born

570

Muhammad was born in the pimgrimage city of Mecca. His father died when he was born and his mother died when he was only 6 years old. The orphan was then taken care of by his grandfather and when his grandfather died 2 years later, his uncle Abu Talib took care of him. Muhammad was a part of the Banu Hashim clan, which was led by his uncle.

Islamic Empires

Period: 570 to Feb 4, 2014

Muhammad is visited by angel Gabriel

Mar 5, 610

Muhammad is visited in a cave in mount Hira by the angel gabriel. He is told that he is a prophet of God and begins his career as a prophet.

Muhammad and the muslims migrate from mecca to medina

Mar 5, 622

Mohammad was informed by Allah that he must go to Medina with his followers or else the others in Arabia who didn't listen to his message would torture and kill him. This is when he started his Hijra (journey).

Muhammad comes back to Mecca

Mar 5, 630

Once Muhammad developed a big army in Medina, he came back to Mecca to gain back the power of the city and wanted unite all the Arabian tribes under one religion. That is when Islam boomed.

Muhammad died

Mar 5, 633

Muhammad died and there was some unrest in Arabia. After he died, no one knew who the next Kalif would be. The next Caliph was then chosen to be Abu Bakr

The Persian Empire was taken by Islam

Mar 16, 641

The Persian Empire was defeated at Nihavand in 641 AD, and Alexandria. Islamic empires used superior military techniques and their use of horses and camels.

Assassination of Uthman, the 3rd Caliph

Mar 16, 655

Uthman is assassinated, and under his reign Islam grew tremendously. Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the next (4th) caliph.

Ali ibn Abi Talib is murdered

Mar 16, 661

Ali is murdered; and Mu'awiya becomes caliph. This was the beginning of Umayyad Dynasty which lasted from 661-750.

Conquest and conversion of Berber tribes in North Africa

Mar 16, 700

Much of the early Berber tribes practiced Christianity and Judaism, until the Muslims conquered their land and they converted to Islam.

Arab armies enter Spain and India

Mar 16, 711

Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.

Battle of Tours, France

Mar 16, 732

Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent when Battle of Tours prevents further advance northward.

Abu l'Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq

Mar 16, 750

The Abbassids capture Damascus, which ends the Umayyad rule in Syria. Abu I'Abbas becomes the new caliph in Iraq and founds the Abbassid Dynasty.

Muslim Turks and Afghans pushed into India

Mar 16, 1000

Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which served as a trading liaison between the northern and central regions of Africa.

Christian Crusaders attempt to take Jerusalem.

Mar 16, 1095

Pope Urban II preaches to Christians that their faith is being attacked,and they must fight Islam and capture the Holy City (Jerusalem). He summons the First Crusade.

Christian Crusaders capture Jerusalem

Mar 16, 1099

After the fight for Jerusalem, the Christians win the battle against the Muslims and it is the end of the first crusade.

The Sultan of Ghur defeated Hindu armies across the northern plain

Mar 16, 1100

After defeating armies across the northern plain, he made delhi his capital. His successors organized a sultanate, which marked the start of Muslim rule in northern India

Islam continually grows

Mar 16, 1120

Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam.

The Delhi Sultanate was created

Mar 16, 1206

The delhi sultanate was created and marked the start of Muslim rule in India.

The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey

Mar 16, 1299

This state was formed as the first state of the Ottoman Empire. This led to the growth of the empire and the extension of their rule.

Expanded across Asia Minor

Mar 17, 1300

Expanded across Asia minor into southeastern Asia Minor. They established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula.

Tamerlane invaded India

Mar 16, 1398

He plundered the northern plain and smashed into Delhi. Thousands of artisans were enslaved to build Tamerlane's capital at Samarkand.

Ottomans conquer Constantinople

Mar 16, 1453

The two halves of the Ottoman Empire are united, while Constantinople becomes the new Ottonman capital. This causes the Byzantine Empire to end, and the name is changed to Istanbul.

Muhammad captured Constantinople

Mar 17, 1453

After many failed attempts, Constantinople was finally captured and it continued to expand over the next 200 years.

Muhammad II caputred Constantinople

Mar 17, 1453

After many attempts, Constantinople was finally captured. The Ottoman empire then reigned on for anothe 200 years.

Safavid Dynasty united a strong empire in Persia

Mar 17, 1500

Safavids engaged in frequent warfare, and religion played a major role in the conflict.

Sulieman gave Ottoman Empire Golden Age

Mar 17, 1520

Suliman was a brilliant general who modernized the army and conquered many new lands.

Turkish and Mongol invaders poured into the mountain passes in India again

Mar 16, 1526

Babur was at the head, who claimed descent from Genghiz Khan and Tamerlane. He was a military genius, poet, and author of a fascinating book of memoirs.

Armies besieged the Austrian city of Vienna

Mar 17, 1529

This sent waves of fear into Western Europe. Ottomans still ruled powerful empire.

The reign of Akbar

Mar 16, 1556

From 1556-1605 Akbar, Babur's grandson, created a strong central government. This earned him the title "Akbar the Great" and he had many unusual abilities.

Abbas the Great centralized the Government

Mar 17, 1588

From 1588-1629, Abbas created strong military and government. He used a powerful mixture of force and diplomacy against the Ottomans.

Sunni Afgans defeated imperial armies

Mar 17, 1722

They captured Isfahan. They also forced the last Safavid ruler to abdicate in 1722.

Indian Rebellion

Mar 16, 1857

Sepoy Rebellion against English East India Company rule sweeps northern India.

Reign of Harun ar-Rashid

Mar 2, 2022

Harun ar-Rashid reigns from 786 to 809. He is best known through the stories of The Thousand and One Nights.

Conquests Syria and the fall of Jerusalem

Mar 2, 2022

The Islamic Empire grew stronger and it marched in and took over Syria and Jerusalem. Jerusalem then became a holy sight by Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.