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Muhammad was born in the pimgrimage city of Mecca. His father died when he was born and his mother died when he was only 6 years old. The orphan was then taken care of by his grandfather and when his grandfather died 2 years later, his uncle Abu Talib took care of him. Muhammad was a part of the Banu Hashim clan, which was led by his uncle.
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Muhammad is visited in a cave in mount Hira by the angel gabriel. He is told that he is a prophet of God and begins his career as a prophet.
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Mohammad was informed by Allah that he must go to Medina with his followers or else the others in Arabia who didn't listen to his message would torture and kill him. This is when he started his Hijra (journey).
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Once Muhammad developed a big army in Medina, he came back to Mecca to gain back the power of the city and wanted unite all the Arabian tribes under one religion. That is when Islam boomed.
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Muhammad died and there was some unrest in Arabia. After he died, no one knew who the next Kalif would be. The next Caliph was then chosen to be Abu Bakr
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The Persian Empire was defeated at Nihavand in 641 AD, and Alexandria. Islamic empires used superior military techniques and their use of horses and camels.
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Uthman is assassinated, and under his reign Islam grew tremendously. Ali ibn Abi Talib becomes the next (4th) caliph.
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Ali is murdered; and Mu'awiya becomes caliph. This was the beginning of Umayyad Dynasty which lasted from 661-750.
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Much of the early Berber tribes practiced Christianity and Judaism, until the Muslims conquered their land and they converted to Islam.
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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.
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Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent when Battle of Tours prevents further advance northward.
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The Abbassids capture Damascus, which ends the Umayyad rule in Syria. Abu I'Abbas becomes the new caliph in Iraq and founds the Abbassid Dynasty.
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Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which served as a trading liaison between the northern and central regions of Africa.
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Pope Urban II preaches to Christians that their faith is being attacked,and they must fight Islam and capture the Holy City (Jerusalem). He summons the First Crusade.
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After the fight for Jerusalem, the Christians win the battle against the Muslims and it is the end of the first crusade.
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After defeating armies across the northern plain, he made delhi his capital. His successors organized a sultanate, which marked the start of Muslim rule in northern India
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Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam.
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The delhi sultanate was created and marked the start of Muslim rule in India.
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This state was formed as the first state of the Ottoman Empire. This led to the growth of the empire and the extension of their rule.
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Expanded across Asia minor into southeastern Asia Minor. They established a capital in the Balkan Peninsula.
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He plundered the northern plain and smashed into Delhi. Thousands of artisans were enslaved to build Tamerlane's capital at Samarkand.
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The two halves of the Ottoman Empire are united, while Constantinople becomes the new Ottonman capital. This causes the Byzantine Empire to end, and the name is changed to Istanbul.
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After many failed attempts, Constantinople was finally captured and it continued to expand over the next 200 years.
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After many attempts, Constantinople was finally captured. The Ottoman empire then reigned on for anothe 200 years.
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Safavids engaged in frequent warfare, and religion played a major role in the conflict.
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Suliman was a brilliant general who modernized the army and conquered many new lands.
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Babur was at the head, who claimed descent from Genghiz Khan and Tamerlane. He was a military genius, poet, and author of a fascinating book of memoirs.
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This sent waves of fear into Western Europe. Ottomans still ruled powerful empire.
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From 1556-1605 Akbar, Babur's grandson, created a strong central government. This earned him the title "Akbar the Great" and he had many unusual abilities.
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From 1588-1629, Abbas created strong military and government. He used a powerful mixture of force and diplomacy against the Ottomans.
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They captured Isfahan. They also forced the last Safavid ruler to abdicate in 1722.
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Sepoy Rebellion against English East India Company rule sweeps northern India.
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Harun ar-Rashid reigns from 786 to 809. He is best known through the stories of The Thousand and One Nights.
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The Islamic Empire grew stronger and it marched in and took over Syria and Jerusalem. Jerusalem then became a holy sight by Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.
