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100
The Use of the First Caravan: 1 A.D
The caravans were used to spread trading goods, people, ideas, religion etc. These long range caravans were used to monopolize Muslim merchants in Africa and are still used today -
101
Introduction of the Dhow
The Dhow was a shipped used to sail around India that was used for trade in India. It has now modernized into three different types of ships today that use the triangular sail for fast sea travel. -
Period: 201 to Mar 3, 1000
Emergence of Berbers to Tuaregs
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570
The Birth of Muhammad
The final and most known prophet of the Muslims -
Jan 1, 622
Start of the Muslim Calendar
When Muhammad flees to Medina after rebels begin executing Muhammads followers -
Period: Jan 1, 622 to
Start to Present of the Muslim Calendar
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Jan 1, 630
Tabuk Crusade Launched Against the Byzantine Christians
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Period: Mar 3, 632 to
Caliphates of Muslim World
The Rashidun Caliphate (632-661)
The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) - Successor of the Rashidun Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba in Islamic Spain (756-929-1031)
The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) - Successor of the Umayyad Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate (910-1171)
The Ayyubid dynasty (1171-1260)
The Mamluk Caliphate (Bahri dynasty then succeeded by Burji dynasty) (1250–1517)
The Ottoman Caliphate (1517–1923) -
Mar 3, 638
Arab People Conquer Jerusalem
Was part of a military conflict which took place in the year 637 between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate. It began when the Rashidun army, under the command of Abu Ubaidah, besieged Jerusalem in November 636. After six months, the Patriarch Sophronius agreed to surrender, on condition that he submit only to the Rashidun caliph. In April 637, Caliph Umar traveled to Jerusalem in person to receive the submission of the city. Thus giving them control of Palestine. -
Apr 11, 638
*Muslim Conquest of Egypt
The year the Muslims took over Egypt, 638 to 642 -
Jan 1, 691
Dome of Rock is Completed
The site's significance stems from religious traditions regarding the rock, known as the Foundation Stone, at its heart, which bears great significance for Jews and Muslims. -
Feb 26, 698
*Arabs Take Over Carthage
Caravans allow the Arabs to enter into Northern Africa and take over Carthage -
Jan 1, 711
*Islam Expands its Territory into Spain and Portugal
Seizing Granada for over 700 years
By the mid 900s over 5 millions muslims occupied these lands -
Mar 3, 711
The Moors Begin Occupying Spain
The Moors were initially of Berber and Arab descent, though the term was later applied to Africans, Iberian Christian converts to Islam, and people of mixed ancestry. -
Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258
Rashidun Caliphs Expand Territory From Mecca to Damascus
These were the original Muslims that derived from themselves after Muhammad returned to Mecca -
Feb 24, 870
First Mameluke, Ahmad ibn Tulun, Seizes Egypt
Mamelukes were essentially slaves or apart of the caliph military until the rised up in rebellion and by 877 conquered the Mediterranean coast through Palestine and up into Syria. -
Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Dec 31, 1291
The Crusades and The Battles Against Muslims
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Feb 26, 1095
*The First Crusade on Muslims and Jerusalem
Ultimately achieved the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 as Christians from Western Europe responded to Pope Urbans Plea to go to war against the Muslims -
Jan 1, 1099
*The Crusades: Jerusalem Encounters Bloodshed & Sacked
"Arabs took refuge in the tower of David, some fled to the temple of Solomon. A great fight took place on the porch of the temple, where they were unable to escape from our gladiators. Many fled to the roof of the temple of Solomon, and were shot with arrows, so that they fell to the ground dead. In this temple almost ten thousand were killed. Indeed, if you had been there you would have seen our feet colored to our ankles with the blood of the slain. None of them were alive;neither women/child" -
Jun 6, 1150
Years of Aibak
Aibak was the founder of Muslim rule in India from 1150 to 1210 -
Oct 2, 1187
Saladin Achieves Capturing Jerusalem
"The Chaldeans [Saladin and his army] fought the battle fiercely for a few days and triumphed. The Christians were failing so by this time that scarcely twenty or thirty men appeared to defend the city walls. No man could be found in the whole city who was brave enough to dare keep watch at the defences for a night, even for a fee of a hundred besants."
- Longmans 1875 -
Mar 3, 1201
*Mogadishu Becomes Islamic State
The Mosque of Islamic Solidarity in Mogadishu is the largest masjid in the Horn region. Most residents of Somalia are Muslims, the majority belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam and the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence, although some are adherents of the Shia Muslim denomination. -
Feb 26, 1204
The Third Crusade Pays Off
Byzantine christian after culimating in the sack of Constantinople, Mamluk Dynasty provides aid and rives out the European Invaders from Palestine and Syria in 1291 -
Aug 25, 1206
Aibak Becomes First Sultan of Dehli Throne
Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the real founder of Turkish rule in India and set the stage for Muhammads uprising in India -
Jan 1, 1236
Islam Begins Losing Spain to Christian Reconquista
Córdoba fell in 1236
After this, the Muslim presence was confined to small enclaves or city-states known as Taifas, the most important of these being Granada, which was the last to fall. -
Jan 1, 1324
* Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to the Hajj
With thousands of escorts he ultimately made the Hajj a lot more well known -
Mar 3, 1324
Al-Umari Describes Cairo
He understands Cairo from the King of Mali, Mansa Musa -
Mar 3, 1325
*Arabians Take Timbuktu
As arabians spread into Northen Africa, Timbuktu became a major resource center for learning for both the Natives and Arabians
The booming economy of Timbuktu attracted the attention of the Emperor of Mali, Mansa Mussa also known as Kan Kan Mussa -
Feb 26, 1347
*The Plague Begins in Europe
The Black Death weakens the Europeans and many become ill and die
Ultimately helps weaken European forces but also caused the Muslim population to rapidly vanish as the pandemic spread and transmitted from central Asia and spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Europe -
Mar 3, 1372
Ibn Battuta Discovers Asia and Africa
Ibn Battuta was the Arab Marco Polo traveler who brang back many findings of Asia and Africa -
Feb 24, 1389
Bayezid Founds First Centralized Ottoman State
He centralized the first Ottoman state based on traditional Turkish and Muslim institutions and who stressed the need to extend Ottoman dominion in Anatolia. -
Jun 18, 1391
Timur's army fought and won in the great battle of Kanduzcha
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Mar 3, 1400
Founds Malacca
Hindu prince from Palembang flees Singapore and founds Malacca -
Period: Mar 3, 1400 to Mar 3, 1498
The Sultans
Sultan is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms
The sultan was the sole and absolute regent, head of state and head of government of the Ottoman empire (Orhan Ghazi ben Osman) -
Jul 28, 1402
Timur Leads Army and Wins Against Ottoman Army in the Battle of Ankara
The Battle of Ankara was a battle between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to a period of crisis for the Ottoman Empire (the Ottoman Interregnum). -
Mar 3, 1421
*Silk Road Ends
Ottomans boycott the silk road which was the major trade route for India, Europe and Asia -
Aug 20, 1444
Mehmed II comes into Power
Mehmed the conqueror was an Ottoman sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446 -
Period: Jan 1, 1451 to May 20, 1506
The Age of Christopher Columbus
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Feb 26, 1453
*The Black Sea is Closed Off
After the Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople, they closed it off to foriegn commerce between Europe, Asia, India, etc. -
Feb 26, 1453
Crossing the Bosporus
Hezarafen jumped from the top of the Galata Tower in Istanbul and managed to glide across the Bosphorus strait to Doğancılar Square to Constantinople -
May 29, 1453
*The Conquests Pays off and Constantinople is Conquered
Mehmed II leads an army of 100,000 to the walls of Constantinople and in a battle that lasted for about 3 months was able to acquire the most important trading center in the Eastern World. -
Mar 3, 1462
*Vlad the Impaler
Vlad the Impaler impales the prisoners of war in Transylvania
Instilled fear into the Arabs and modernized today into the blood sucking vampire, Dracula. -
Jan 1, 1485
Boabdil Takes his Reign and Seizes the Alhambra
Boabdil was the sultan of of Granada Spain who had lost Alhambra when he was seized and forced to sign the Pact of Cordoba (gave land for help to keep Granada) and ultimately surrendered the last of Spain to the reconquista. -
Jan 2, 1492
*Cordoba, Granada Falls to the Hands of Spain Once More
The city was captured by the combined forces of Aragon and Castile (recently united as Spain) from the armies of the taifa Muslim kingdom of Granada. -
Jan 1, 1517
Muhammad II Expands Ottoman Empire
Bringing Syria, Palestine, Arabia and Egypt into Ottoman control -
Feb 24, 1526
Mughal Dynasty is Founded by Babur
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Period: Feb 24, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
Ruled most of Northern India -
Feb 24, 1550
Leo Africanus Ventures and Explains the Geography and Politics of Africa
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Feb 11, 1556
Akbar becomes Mughal Emperor
From the years 1556-1605
Akbar tried to unite Hindus and Muslims under one united Indian state -
Nov 5, 1556
Akbar Defeats Mughal Rebels in the Second Battle of Panipat
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*Malacca Falls to the Dutch
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Sulieman the II
Suleiman II was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691 -
End of the Ottomans
the Ottoman government's decision to enter the First World War led directly to the destruction of the empire, the division of the Middle East into the states which exist today and, through the closure of the straits to Russian trade, to the February Revolution. -
Start of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS)
The group began more than two decades ago as a fervid fantasy in the mind of a Jordanian named Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
Although Zarqawi’s rhetoric was similar to bin Laden’s, his targets were quite different. From the start, Zarqawi directed his malevolence at fellow Muslims, especially Iraq’s majority Shiite population. Bin Laden and al-Qaeda regarded the Shiites as heretics, but rarely targeted them for slaughter.
