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Born in Mecca in 570. He was orphaned at an early age by his grandparents. He worked to become a successful merchant. He would later start the religion of Islam.
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Muhammad often went to a lonely desert cave to pray and meditate. When he was about 40 years old, he was spiritually visited by God through the Agel Gabriel.
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Faced with death threats and hate, Muhummad and his followers left Mecca for Medina.
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Muhummad and his followers return to Mecca and defeat the Meccans in battle. Muhummad returns in triumph and destroys the idols in the Kaaba.
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Muhummad's death plunged his followers into grief.
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Abu Baker becomes the first Caliph, a succesor to Muhummad.
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Abu Baker,the first Caliph, is dead.
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Arabain armies rapidly demolish the Persians.
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Caliph Uthman authorizes collection and official establishment of the text of the Quran.
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Uthman, the third caliph, is assasinated.
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Imam Ali is killed, bringing an end the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.
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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.
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Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards.
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Revolt defeats the Umayyads. This marks the end of Umayyad rule and will lead way to the rule of the Abassids.
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Abu al-Abbas becomes the first Abbasid Khalifa.
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Abbasid rule is shifted into Baghdad.
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Pope Urban II preaches to Christians that their faith is being attacked and they must fight Islam and capture the Holy City. He summons the First Crusade.Jerusalem is seized by the Crusaders. They massacre all Muslims, Jews and Christians of the city.
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Islam continues to spread throughout Asia. Malaysian traders interact with Muslims who teach them about Islam.
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The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III.. The crusade in the east was a failure for the crusaders and a great victory for the Muslims. It would have a key influence on the fall of Jerusalem and give rise to the Third Crusade at the end of the 12th century.
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Ghurids establish the Delhi Sultanate in India
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The earliest Ottoman state is formed in Anatolia, Turkey.
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Osman and his troops lay siege to the city of Bursa in northwest Turkey. When the city falls, Bursa is made into the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
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Ottomans conquer the Byzantine state of Constantinople and change its name to Istanbul.
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Ismail seizes Tabriz and establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia. Shi'ism is established as the state religion.
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The Ottomans defeat the Safavids and gain eastern Anatolia, thus allowing Ottoman expansion and halting Safavid advance.
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Suleiman personally instituted major legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation, and criminal law.He over saw the Golden age of the Ottoman Empire in its artistic, literary and architectural development
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Babur (Mongolian) seizes the Delhi sultanate and takes control of northern India.
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Ottomans lift first siege of Vienna and retreat.
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Hungary is conquered by the Ottomans.
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Akbar gradually enlarged the Mughal Empire to include nearly all of the Indian Subcontinent north of the Godavari river. His power and influence, however, extended over the entire country because of Mughal military, political, cultural, and economic dominance.
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He reduced the influence of the Qizilbash in the government and the military and reformed the army, enabling him to fight the Ottomans and Uzbeks and reconquer Iran's lost provinces. He also took back land from the Portuguese and the Mughals. Abbas was a great builder and moved his kingdom's capital from Qazvin to Isfahan
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Safavid rule in Iran effectively ended by Afghan invasion.
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Sepoy Rebellion against English East India Company rule sweeps northern India
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Jerusalem falls to the Rashidun army,
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Al-Rashid ruled from 786 to 809, and his time was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Islamic art and Islamic music also flourished significantly during his reign.
