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Period: 1509 to 1547
Henry VII's reign
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Oct 31, 1517
Nailing of the 95 Theses by Luther
-
1526
issue of the Tyndale Bible
Translation of the New Testament in English by William Tyndale -
1533
Act of Restraint of Appeals
Endowing the King the power to annul marriages
=> marries Ann Boleyn
=> is excommunicated -
1534
Issue of the act of Supremacy,
- puts the king “ Supreme head of the Church of England
- date of the official schism between England and the Roman catholic Church
-
Period: 1534 to 1547
solely Christian England
Not really protestant, as a Catholic England without the pope's authority -
Period: 1536 to 1537
The Pilgrimages of Grace
a rebellion in Lincolnshire / Yorkshire surging from the destruction of monasteries, and wanting :
- the restauration of the pope's powers over the church
- Mary the first to the royal succession
- some economic compensation
Brutally reprimed -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
-
Period: 1547 to 1553
Protestant England
Due to Edward VI's fierce Protestantism -
1549
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
a revision of the previous mass book
=> led to rebellions ( in Cornwall/ Devon) -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary Tudor's reign
-
Period: 1553 to 1555
restauration of the catholicism
-18 months
- repealed the previous protestant legislaton -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Catholic England
- solely under Mary I's reign
-
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
Protestantism restricted to secrecy, and the setting the burning at the stake of more than 200 so-called Protestant "heretics" -
Period: 1558 to
Anglican England
-
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
-
1559
The Act of Supremacy
issued by Elizabeth I, reestablishing the clergy under the egis of the Queen / King -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
The book of Common prayer is now compulsory, and people not going to an Anglican mass were fined -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of Faith
Creation of the Anglican Church
3 important changes :
- new ecclesiology ( conception of the church)
- new doctrine of salvation
- new definition of sacraments and the mass -
Period: 1567 to
James I's reign as King of Scotland
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1569
The Northern Rebellion
a rebellion led by the earls of Westmorland and Northumberland,
=> 6000 insurgents
=> against the religious forms
=> in an attempt to dismiss the Elizabeth I , and replace her with Mary Stuart -
1570
Excommunication of Elizabeth I
By the pope Pius V -
1580
the Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience
- death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
forbade the people to participate / celebrate the Catholic Mass - Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine, a somewhat great sum of money at the time
. - death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
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The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
a potential Catholic heir to the throne, and the source of various plots on the queen, to reestablish Catholicism -
the defeat of the spanish armada
considered as the invincible armada
- strengthened the feeling of England patriotism
- helped to justify the Protestantism, claiming that "God blew and they were scattered", right frome the bible, thus reinforcing her religious position -
First colonies in Asia
foundation of east india companies, and trading posts, in order to control the trade of luxury goods -
Period: to
James I's reign as King of England and Scotland
-
The gunpowder plot
conspiracy pondered by the Catholics, in order to blow up Parliament and King James I. It failed, the skirmish props detected the day prior -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
- first permanent settlement after Sir Walter Raleigh's failure in Roanoke, Virginia in 1585
-
Period: to
Early British Empire
-
Period: to
The Starving Time
In America
only 60 survivors out of 500
why ?
- shortage drinkable water
-insufficient growing of crops
-conflict with the Powhatan indigenous tribe
-> some survivors has to resort to cannibalism -
The Great Contract of 1610
claimed that the king would be bestowed a fixed sum a a certain frequency. The Members of the Parliament, fearing the King would become to autonomous and wouldn't need them anymore, voted in the disfavour of this article. The king dismissed them -
The King James' Bible
continues Elizabeth I's religious legacy -
Start of Slavery
- Established by law in the 13 American colonies during the XVIIth century
- because of the cheap labour needed to harvest and take care of fields
-
Period: to
The Thirty Years' war
between the Elector Palatine and the emperor Ferdinand Habsburg, what was at stake being the throne of Bohemia.
James I, whose daughter was married to the Elector Palatine, sided with them, but also as a protestant monarch helping one another -
Colonisation of St Kitts
first colony in the Caribbean
-> later moved to Antigua and Barbados -
Charles I ascends to throne
Death of James I -
The Petition of Rights
written to express the Parliament's complaints towards the King's actions
- requested the king to acknowledge the illegality of certain actions, such as Billeting, extra-parliamentary taxation or imprisonment without trial.
Charles signed this text reluctantly -
Period: to
The Personal rule
A timeframe in which the parliament wasn't solicited any longer.
Also called by Whig historians : the Eleven Years of Tyranny
- Witnessed alterations in the religious scenery of the Country, with the help of a notorious Arminian Archbishop : Archbishop Laud.
-> throngs were afraid of a possible return to Catholicism -
arrival of the Book of Common Prayen in Scotland
-> Scots : Calvinists.
England and scotland not sharing the same religious beliefs, Charles I attempted t impose the Book of Common Prayer. This was disregearded, becauses of the differences deemed provoking :
- new position of the altar
- kneeling
and so on.
There was a riot in St Giles Cathedral, in which a Young woman, Jenny Geddes, initiated the uprising by throwing a stool to the preacher -
The case of Burton, Prynne, and Bastwick
Those three me had written pamphlets attacking the archbishop Laud. They were thus put in a pilori and their ears were cut off. what shocked the people was the fact that these three men were highly estimated gentlemen, and if this happened to them, it could happen to any of the English -
Period: to
The Scottish Crisis
-
Scottish National covenant
petition that were diametrically opposed to Charles' will, and which called for the maintain of scottish spiritual independence -
Period: to
Bishops' War
The Scots against the English -
The Treaty of Ripon
- announced Scotland as the victor of the Bishops' wars
- Charles Iis forced to pay the cost of the Scots army, which was an humiliation
-
Period: to
The long parliament
-Named this way because of its duration : 20 years
- wanted to ensure the personal rule wouldn't happen again
-> issued acts which forbade king to dissotute the parliament without its consent, and that he parliament should reuite at lieast every 3 years -
The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
- summarised all of Charles I's wrongdoings, ended on revolutionary demands, such as the right of the House of Commons to choose the king ministers, or the right for parliament to reform the church. This divided the Parliament into 2 subgroups
- The Royalists, who thought that the grand remonstrance was too extreme, wanted a negotiated settlement with the king.
- the Parliamentarians, who believed the reform was necessary, regarding the rights of liberties, parliament, and protestant Church.
-
Charles I marching into the House of Commons
suspecting John Pym and 4 other members of the Parliament to plot against the queen, he wanted to impeach them, but the Parliament refused.
He then Marched into the House of Commons to intercept them with the help of his troops. Thus was a breach of privilege, synonym of the impossibility in finding peace between the Parliament and the King. -
The irish rebellion
James I having implanted a plantation policy, many English and Scots were sent away to Ireland in order to take the lands of Irish catholics.
the irish rebellion is a prostest againts this exploitation, and caused the massacre of 3000 to 4000 Protestants .
This number was highly disproportionated and amplified in order to fuel anti-catholic rage in England. -
the Militia Act
Gave to the parliament the power to appoint a general to control the Army
-> one of the King's prerogatives -
Period: to
Civil War
Opposing the Royalists and the King, to the Parliamentarians -
Creation of the New Model Army
- national and centralised, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than separate counties, this army was a compound of 22 000 men, on the Parliamentarians' side. Those men were armed with swords, pistols and pikes, wearing the redcoat, and nicknamed "the Praying Army", because they carried bibles with them and were convinced they were acting of god's behalf
-
Battle of Naseby
Turning point in the civil war
- weaking of the Royalists -
King escapes the Army's custody
allies himself with the scots
- Parliament appalled : use of a foreign throng to try invading his -
Mutiny of the New Model Army
- not paid for months because the House of Commons had been disbanded without paying them at the end of the war
-
Pride's Purge
General Pride entered House of Commons and arrested the 45 conservative members of the Parliament. The remainder, called the Rump Parliament, put the King on trial for " high treason ( to England, to him)" -
Period: to
second civil war
-revolts in South England, Wales and Scotland.
- Royalists easily defeated by Cromwell -
Abolition of the Monarchy and of the House of Lords
- England is declared a Commonwealth
-
Massacre of Drogheda
Crushing of an Irish Catholic uprising
- a revenge for the 1641 atrocities they've (The English) been told
Aftermath
->Catholicism is forbidden
-> Irish priests arrested
-> Irish Catholics lands are confiscated -
Period: to
The commonwealth
- supreme authority of the House of Commons
- ruled as a republic
-
Execution of Charles I
-
Scots uprising
led by Chales II, then king of Scots, to avenge his father
-> crushed
-> Charles II fled -
Issue of the Instrument of the Government
- First English written constitution
-
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
-> military dictatorship, in the way of a monarchy without a king. -
Dissolution of the Rump Parliament
-By Oliver Cromwell
because of
--slow progress made with electoral reforms
--Army fed up with the Rump Parliament -
Period: to
The Barebones
-alternative parliament to replace the Rump Parliament
-short-lived -
Cromwell's death
-
Declaration of Breda
promising
- a general amnesty
-to continue religious toleration
-to share power with the Parliament -
Period: to
Early Restoration
-
Invasion of Jamaica
Previously a Spanish colony -
The outbreak of plague
more than 7000 new infected by week -
The Great Fire of London
-
The popish plot
-rumour of a plot organised by the French to replace Charles II with his brother, James II, Catholic
-> frightened population
--> would implement pro-catholic measures / might try to restore absolute monarchy
ex : Louis XVI in France -
The Exclusion crisis
- Parliament attempted toto alienate James II from his succession rights -> hit to the divine right of kings.
-
Period: to
James II's reign
-
Glorious Revolt
- no blood shed
- seizing of the royal power by William of orange
-
Period: to
William of Orange's reign
-
Period: to
Anne I's reign
LAst stuart -
Act of Union England /Scotland
-
Period: to
War of Spanish succession
- Queen Anne's war
- Britain had gained control of Acadia over France
-
Period: to
The Georgian Era
Named after the Hanoverian kings -
Period: to
George I's reign
-
The 1715 Jacobite event
- loyal to the Stuarts
• supporters of James II and his grandson
• Active in France / Scotland - led by the "Old Pretender "
◦ James Francis Edward Stuart
‣ Son of James II
- loyal to the Stuarts
-
Period: to
domination of the Whigs on British politics
- supporters of the Glorious revolution opposed to Tories, supporters of the Stuarts
-
Period: to
George II's reign
-
First Prime minister
Robert Walpole
- George II gave him as a residence the 10 Downing Street -
The 1745 Jacobite rising
• led by "Young Pretender"
◦ Bonnie Prince Charlie
‣ Grandson of James II -
Jacobites' final defeat
- at culloden
-
Period: to
Seven Years' war
Britain gained control of Florida over Spain, and most of the Canada over France -
Period: to
George III's reign
-
Colonization of New Zealand
By James Cook -
Period: to
American war of independence
-
End of the Early British Empire
After the USA's gaining of independence -
influx of French emigrees into Britain
because of the French revolution -
Period: to
french revolutionary wars
Britain versus France, different ideologies and motives
- Maritimes
- colonial
- Economic -
Irish rebellion of 1798
- against the Britain rule in Ireland
- influenced by the American and French revolutionary ideas
- Presbyterians radicals + Catholics
- rebels defeated
-
Act of Union
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland
- Merger Parliaments of the Great Britain and Ireland -
Issue of the Union Act
unites Great Britain and the kingdom of Ireland ⇒ creates uk -
Peace of Amiens
Ends the French revolutionary wars -
Period: to
George IV's reign
-
Period: to
William IV's reign
-
The Reform Act
Gives the right to vote to around 5% of the British population -
The Three Resolutions
- overtly against Arminians, which they qualified of popery, and which they fear would threatening the Protestant form of the Church of England
- adressed King's habit of reaping custom duties, now in the need of an approval from the Parliament