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Act of Supremacy that creat the Anglican Church et make Henry VIII the only and supreme head of Church. -
The dissolution process of the monasteries was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. They lasted 6 months and were called the 'Pilgrimage of Grace'. Those rebellions were also against the Reformation. They also demanded the restoration of the Pope and of Mary Tudor to the Royal Succession. -
The monasteries were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land. All of that happened because Henry VII decided that the monasteries were bastions of "popery".
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This established the idea that central and local governments had a responsibility for helping the poor. But it also established a distinction between the "deserving poor" and "underserving poor". This system remained in place until 19th century. In 1553, 1597 and 1601.
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Made under the reign og Elizabeth I. It is about religious belief. Every parish had to use The Book of Common Prayer and people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
She abolished the authority of the Pope.
She restored the autority of the Queen over the Church.
She became "Supreme Governor of the Church of Englad". -
Stated the doctrine of the Church composed of 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of Salvation / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass still in use today.
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Young catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Mary Stuart and this group. Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentended to death. -
In her speech to her troup before the defeat of the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth I reinforced her legetimacy. Even if she is a Queen she is as strong as King. -
When James I became king of England all Catholics placed high hopes in him but James continued Elizabeth's harsh repressive laws. This is why on 5 November 1605, a conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics took place to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
The first English colonies were formed in Noth America. In particulary the establishment of Jamestown in Virginia named after James I. -
Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived. Caused by a shortage of drinkable water, insufficient growing of corps and conflicts with the Native Powhatan tribe. The discovery of a new type of tabacco saved Jamestown.
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When James I became king he was not in good terms with the Parliament. One of the reason was the finance of the country. James' extravagance didn't help to lower the debt of the country. One of the solution was the "Great Contract" that give a fixed sum to the king. But MPs feared the king would not need to call up Parliament anymore to get money. The house of Commons refused to vote and James dismissed Parliament. -
This was the only important change when James I became king in 1603 after Elizabeth's death. This is a new English translation of the Bible. -
James I was convince that he could make peace between Catholics and Protestant. He decided to marry his daughter Elizabeth Stuart with a protestant prince of a part of Germany called the Palatine. And he also planned to marry his son Charles to a spanish Catholic princess.This was the cause of the war.
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Charles I also had problem with Parliaments. Also caused by finance. Charles I firmly believed in the divine rights of kings. But MPs started to complaints and wrote the Petition of Rights in order to make recognise the king of the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law and imprisonment without trial. They wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his power. Charles signed it but was severaly furious. Then he decided to suspended parliament seating. -
After the suspension of parliament seating in 1628 by Charles I, the next P. session took place in January 1629. At this time MPs were suspicious of the king's religious support of Arminians and attitude towards Parliament. The MPs passed the Three Resolutions that declared that whoever fried to bring in "Popery or Arminians" or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy, as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom dustie without Parliament's consent. -
After the declaration of the Three Resolutions, Charles imprisonned the MPs who make this declaration and dissolved Parliament. This mark the start of The Personal Rule. During 11 years there was no Parliament. Whig historians called it "The Eleven Years Tyranny".
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This is a document that summarized all the wrongdoing of Charles I and concluded on "revolutionary" demands like the right of the House of Commons to choose the King's ministers, the right for P. to control any army sent to Ireland and the right for P. to reform the Church. This text divided P. into two groups : The Parliamentarians and The Royalist. All of this happened during the Irish Rebellion. -
The First Civil War cost the lives of 190 000 Englismen and last four years. There was two groups : The Royalist and The Parliamentarians.
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The Second Civil War was made of a series of revolts in the South of England, Wlas and Scotland. It was very short. During this civil war the king Charles I was executed for high treason on January 30 of 1649.
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This was between the reign of Charles I and Charles II. Many experiments with republican forms of government took place. But the main problem was that any republican regime needed the support of the propertied classes who wanted stability/order, and the support of the army who wanted religious toleration/reforms. During the Interregnum, England declared a "Commonwealth" governed by its people without a King but failure to reach stability and creation of a military protectorate ruled by Cromwell.
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The King wanted a reconciliation but the tensions between P. and the King was still there. A repressive religious legislation set up by the Cavalier Parliament was made including The Clarendon Code, a series of laws passed during the first 5 years of Restoration.
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A rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his catholic brother James II. People feared that as a king James II would implement pro-catholic politics + might try to restore absolute monarchy, threatening P. . -
P. attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. The reaction of Charles II was to dissolved the P. . Charles died in 1685 and was succeeded by his brother James II.
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When James II sat on the throne, England feared a return to Catholic absolutism. The only hope was thaht James was old and he didn't have a male heir and his daughter was protestant. Until 1688, Jame's second wife gave birth to a son. P. invited the King's son in law to invade England. James II had no choice to fled to France and William becand King William III. William and Mary became joint monarchs, they accepted P's authority + many new limits to the monarch's powers. -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. Scotland had being occupied under Cromwell, then regained control of its own P. under Restoration but the King of England was Scotland's monarch. Under Queen Anne, there was a ractification of the Act of Union. Scotland became a single kingdom, lost its P. but gained 45 seats in the House of Commons + 16 seats in the House of Lords and kept its Presbyterian church and own laws. -
Named after the Hanoverian Kings. This was a period of great change, as cities new, track expanded and consumerism and popular culture blossomed. The Georgians witnessed the birth of industrialisation and extreme luxury alongride extreme poverty.
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By 1783, Britain had established an empire which comprised of colonies in North America including the West Indies, and the Pacific including New Zealand. He also included trading parts in India and naval bases in the Mediterranean (Gilbratar and Minorca). -
Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Merged the Parliament of Ireland into the Parliament of the UK.