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New Testament translated in English
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The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”, schism between the church of England and the Roman Catholic Church -
Mesures towards protestantism (services in English, revision of the mass book...) -
Pushed England back towards Catholicism and restored it in 18 months, called Bloody Mary -
Creation of a distinction between the “deserving” (poor by faith, orphans, sick) and “undeserving” poors (poor by choice)
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Bloody Mary period, Queen decided to burn Protestants
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Imposed the power of England over the seas and reinforced Elizabeth image as a legitimate Queen -
Restored Protestantism as England's religion during her reign, was in favour of a compromise between Protestant and Catholics, made England prosper (Golden Age) -
Son of Mary Stuart -
War in Europe under James I (Parliament did not accept an implication at the time) and Charles I (1624 Parliament accept to finance the war)
Militaries defeats and important impact on English population (raising of troops 50 000) -
Married to a absolute catholic Henrietta Maria, favoured the Arminian (to the Protestant country) -
Act of open defiance against Charles from Parliament, act wanted to forbid any form of poperism or armenianism
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Often called 11 years tyranny, Charles ruled without calling Parliament and imposed religious policies in favour of Armenians (bossing at the name of Jesus, sacraments, cross sign…)
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Irish rebellion in October (Irish Catholics rebelled against Protestant settlers) and Grand Remontrance of 1641 (Parliament voted document in which the power of the King is threatened ; their demands : control of the army, control of the reformation of the church, control of the King’s ministers’ choice) Caption Commander-in-Chief Oliver Cromwell led armies of the Parliament of England against King Charles I during the English Civil War. Abraham Cooper July 2, 1644 -
First civil war leadin lasting 4 years and causing the death of 190 000 Englishmen -
House of Lords abolished, supreme authority given to the House of Commons -
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After royalist revolts in Scotland and Ireland and the creation of the Rump Parliament (then dissolved by Oliver Cromwell), a protectorate (military dictatorship) is created, with Cromwell appointed Lord Protector (executive power, control of the army…) -
Charles II (Charles I’s son) proposed a general amnesty, a religious toleration, and a governance with a Parliament in exchange of the restoration of the monarchy in his Declaration of Breda
Monarchy restored with the support of the people on the 29 of May 1660 -
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Son in law of James II William of Orange was invited by Parliament to seize the crown. He met no resistance, became King William III and joint monarch with his wife Mary) -
Bill limiting the King’s powers for the first time (Parliament must consent to new laws, gained control over finances and the army, imposed regular Parliament’s meetings, part of the uncodified British constitution…)
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Ensure a Protestant succession to the throne and create a new balance of shared power between the King and Parliament (a bit in favour of Parliament)
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Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain under Queen Anne -
Victory in Waterloo 1815 against Napoleon
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Creation of the United Kingdom is Great Britain this time composed of Envisaged, Scotland and Ireland