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The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. Some of the greatest thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human history thrived during this era, while global exploration opened up new lands and cultures to European commerce.
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It was the symbol of Florence, of Renaissance culture, and of all Western humanism.It was built between 1420 and 1436 to a plan by Filippo Brunelleschi. -
Pietà, as a theme in Christian art, depiction of the Virgin Mary supporting the body of the dead Christ.Some representations include John the Apostle,Mary Magdalene and sometimes other figures on either side of the Virgin,but the majority show only Mary and her child.
It was widely represented in both painting and sculpture. -
The School of Athens is a fresco that was painted between 1509 and 1511 as a part of Raphael's commission to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. -
The War of the Communities of Castile, or the Revolt of the Comuneros, took place during the reign of Charles I, between 1520 and 1522. It was an armed uprising led by the so-called “comuneros” from the inland cities of Castile, with Toledo and Valladolid at the head of the uprising. This uprising has been interpreted in different ways, as an anti-seigneurial revolt, as one of the first bourgeois revolutions, or even as an anti-fiscal movement
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Upon the death of Isabel, her daughter Juana, married to Philip of Burgundy, inherited the throne. With Felipe dead and Juana incapacitated (due to her madness), the throne passes to his son Carlos I. Upon the death of his grandfather, Fernando inherits Aragon. He will be king of Spain, Charles I and V as emperor of Germany.
Thus, Charles was king of Spain from 1516 to 1556 and emperor of Germany from 1519 to 1556. -
The Peace of Augsburg, also called the Augsburg Settlement, was a treaty between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and the Schmalkaldic League, signed on 25 September 1555 at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christianity permanent within the Holy Roman Empire, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism as the official confession of their state. -
Felipe II de España, llamado «el Prudente» (Valladolid, 21 de mayo de 1527-San Lorenzo de El Escorial, 13 de septiembre de 1598), fue rey de Españai desde el 15 de enero de 1556 hasta su muerte; de Nápoles y Sicilia desde 1554; y de Portugal y los Algarbes —como Felipe I— desde 1580, logrando una unión dinástica que duró sesenta años. Fue asimismo rey de Inglaterra e Irlanda iure uxoris, por su matrimonio con María I, entre 1554 y 1558
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The second rebellion of the Alpujarras, sometimes called the War of the Alpujarras or the Morisco Revolt, was the second such revolt against the Castilian Crown in the mountainous Alpujarra region and on the Granada Altiplano region, northeast of the city of Granada. The rebels were Moriscos, the nominally Catholic descendants of the Mudéjares (Muslims under Castilian rule) following the first rebellion of the Alpujarras.
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The Eighty Years' War was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Reformation, centralisation, taxation, and the rights and privileges of the nobility and cities.After the initial stages,Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Netherlands,deployed his armies and regained control over most of the rebel-held territories.However, widespread mutinies in the Spanish army caused a general uprising
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The treaty was signed on 23 January by Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht (but not all of Utrecht), and the province (but not the city) of Groningen. The treaty was a reaction of the Protestant provinces to the 1579 Union of Arras, in which two southern provinces and a city declared their support for Roman Catholic Spain. -
The Union of Arras was an alliance between the County of Artois, the County of Hainaut and the city of Douai in the Habsburg Netherlands in early 1579 during the Eighty Years' War.Dissatisfied with the religious policies of rebel leader Prince of Orange and the States General of the Netherlands, and especially the rise of the radical Calvinist Republic of Ghent since October 1577, they signed a declaration on 6 January 1579. -
The Spanish Armada (a.k.a. the Invincible Armada or the Enterprise of England, Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, lit. 'Great and Most Fortunate Navy') was a Spanish fleet that sailed from Lisbon in late May 1588, commanded by the Duke of Medina Sidonia, an aristocrat without previous naval experience appointed by Philip II of Spain. -
The myth says that Apollo made Eros mad and as revenge Eros shot Apollo with a golden arrow and Daphne with a silver one, Apollo tried to make Daphne fall in love with him to the point that he chased her.Daphne asked his father and her mother Gea the goddess of the Earth for help and they turned Daphne into a tree, when Apollo got there he fell to the ground hugging the tree and crying to the sight of his loved one dissapearing. -
Saint Peter's Square is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave in Rome, directly west of the neighborhood of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider to be the first Pope.
At the center of the square is an ancient Egyptian obelisk, erected at the current site in 1586. -
The Spinners is a painting by the Spanish painter Diego Velázquez,in the Museo del Prado of Madrid.It is also known by the title The Fable of Arachne.Traditionally, it was believed that the painting depicted women workers in the tapestry workshop of Santa Isabel.In 1948, however, Diego Angula observed that the iconography suggested Ovid's Fable of Arachne, the story of Arachne who dared to challenge the goddess Athena to a weaving competition, the loser, was turned into a spider by the goddess. -
It depicts a scene from a Roman legend about a seventh-century BC dispute between two warring cities, Rome and Alba Longa, and stresses the importance of patriotism and masculine self-sacrifice for one's country.Instead of the two cities sending their armies to war, they agree to choose three men from each city;the victor in that fight will be the victorious city. From Rome,three brothers from a Roman family, the Horatii,agree to end the war by fighting three brothers from a family of Alba Longa -
Charles IV of Spain and His Family is an oil-on-canvas group portrait painting by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya. He began work on the painting in 1800,shortly after he became First Chamber Painter to the royal family,and completed it in the summer of 1801.