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Vincent Oge was a mulatto who tried to convince the French government to make better laws for the colony. A mulatto is a person with both white and black ancestry. He led an uprising but was captured, tortured and executed.
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Thousands of slaves rebelled. The Europeans attempted to make the mulattoes happy as an attempt at putting an end to the mulattoes attempt. About two months before this there had been isolated fighting between the Europeans and affranchis.
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Napoleon, wanting to control the island, tried to restore European rule. Charles Leclerc (sent by Napoleon's brother-in-law) went against Toussaint. Toussaint struggled against him for months until agreeing to stop fighting (not the end of the war, though).
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Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Henry Christophe led a black army against the French Army. They did this because they were afraid that Napoleon was going to bring back slavery to Haiti. They defeated most of the army and the commander.
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Viscount de Rochambeau surrendered the rest of his expedition. Later, the French withdrew from Haiti. They kept a presence in the eastern part of Haiti, though.
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Haiti declares its independence. European powers did not like this idea because they feared that it would lead to slave revolts. The United States had mixed reaction to the statement. Slave owners tried to get rid of the idea while sellers in the free states wanted to do business with Haiti.
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An emperor was made for Haiti. The emperor was Jacques Dessalines. He had actually assumed the role himself.
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Emperor Jacques I was killed. During that time he was trying to put an end to a mulatto revolt. Henry Christophe took his place. And then he declared himself King Henry 1 in 1811.
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King Henry died. He died of suicide. He killed himself because there were soldiers that had revolted at his door.
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France recognized Haiti’s independence. France only recognized Haiti’s independence after Haiti payed 100 million francs. The repayment period was until 1887.
