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1509
Henry VIII becomes King of England.
Born in 1491, he becomes king at 17 years old in 1509 until his death in 1547.
TD 2 : Henry VIII’s schism, Edward VI and Mary I.
Image : Henry VIII : https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-VIII-king-of-England -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther’s : ''Ninety Five Theses''.
This text marks the start of the European Reformation.
TD 1 : The European reformation.
Image : The Ninety-Five Theses : https://lutheranreformation.org/history/ninety-five-theses/ -
1534
Act of Supremacy.
Henry VIII becomes the supreme leader of the Church.
TD 2 : Henry VIII’s schism, Edward VI and Mary I.
Image : 1534 The Act of Supremacy : https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-28/1534-act-of-supremacy.html -
1553
Mary I, First Queen Regnant.
Mary I becomes Queen of England at 37 after Edward VI dies at 15 years old in 1553.
TD 2 : Henry VIII’s schism, Edward VI and Mary I.
Image : The Myth of ‘Bloody Mary’ : https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/myth-bloody-mary-180974221/ -
Period: 1558 to
The Elizabethan Era.
The construction of the Elizabethan myth with portraits, ceremonies... And a golden age for England due to multiple explorations throughout the world + Flowering of theatre, music, litterature...
TD 3/4 : Elizabeth I and the Elizabethan settlement. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy + Uniformity.
The Act of Supremacy abolished the authority of the Pope and restored the authority of the Queen over the Church.
With The Act of Uniformity, every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer.
TD 3/4 : Elizabeth I and the Elizabethan settlement.
Image : 8 May 1559 A.D. Act of Uniformity Passed—Elizabeth 1 : https://reformedanglicans.blogspot.com/2015/05/8-may-1559-ad-act-of-uniformity.html -
1581
The 1581 Act.
With The 1581 Act, it was forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass. Death penalty for any person converting, or converted to Catholicism.
TD 3/4 : Elizabeth I and the Elizabethan settlement.
Image : Elizabethan Religious Settlement :
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zy7c2p3/revision/2 -
The Babington Plot.
Mary was executed in 1587 for complicity after a spy discovered that she received a proposition from a catholic group to kill Elizabeth and said yes.
TD 3/4 : Elizabeth I and the Elizabethan settlement.
Image : Portrait of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots - Artiste inconnu : https://www.repro-tableaux.com/a/artiste-inconnu/portrtvonmariastuartkniginvonschottland.html -
The Tilbury Speech.
She made this speech to rally the troops preparing to repel the invasion of the Spanish Armada during a time where catholics brought into question her legitimacy as a Queen.
TD 3/4 : Elizabeth I and the Elizabethan settlement.
Image : QUEEN ELIZABETH I : Tilbury Speech : https://www.elizabethi.org/contents/armada/speech.html -
James VI, king of Scotland.
James, son of Mary Queen of Scots was made king of Scotland.
TD 7 : THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR.
Image : James I of Britain, son of Mary, Queen of Scots, grandson of Margaret Tudor : https://www.flickr.com/photos/60861613@N00/3694924648 -
First English colony in North America.
The first permanent English colonies were formed in North America : Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia.
TD 10 : Slavery and Empire.
Image : Jamestown Colony : https://www.britannica.com/place/Jamestown-Colony -
The Starving Time.
Period of starvation from 1609 until 1610 where only 60 out of 500 colonists survived.
TD 10 : SLAVERY AND EMPIRE.
Image : Starving Time : https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/starving-time-the/ -
First English colonies in the Caribbean.
Colonization of St Kitts in 1623, then expanded to islands including Barbados and Antigua. Enslavement of millions of West Africans to work on Caribbean farms and sugar plantations.
TD 10 : Slavery and Empire.
Image : Caribbean Colonial Statistics from the British Empire, 1824-1950 : https://microform.digital/boa/collections/73/caribbean-colonial-statistics-from-the-british-empire-1824-1950 -
The Irish Rebellion.
In October 1641, an armed revolt broke out in Ireland. Irish Catholics rebels rose up against Protestant settlers. Massacre of 3 000/4 000 protestants.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution .
Image : What Was the Irish Rebellion of 1641 ? : https://www.shamrockgift.com/blog/irish-rebellion-of-1641/ -
The Second Civil War.
The King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots which led to the Second Civil War with series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland.
TD 8 : THE COMING OF THE CIVIL WAR.
Image : THE OLD PARISH OF NONINGTON : https://www.nonington.org.uk/nonington-and-the-english-civil-war/nonington-and-the-kentish-rebellion-and-second-english-civil-war-of-1648/ -
Period: to
The Commonwealth.
Period of political structure. A law abolished monarchy, the house of lords was abolished and republic started.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution . -
Declaraction of Breda.
Charles II promised a general amnesty, religious toleration and powers shared with the Parliament. Back to a king era.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution.
Image : La Déclaration de Bréda - https://www.herodote.net/club/La_Declaration_de_Breda-47.php -
Act of Uniformity (1662).
All ministers had to pray the Book of Common Prayer and restoration of bishops to the House of Lords and to their place in the Church.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution .
Image : Supremacy and Survival : The English Reformation : http://supremacyandsurvival.blogspot.com/2010/08/another-act-of-uniformity-august-24.html -
The Bill of Rights.
Lists King James’ misdeeds, parliament accepted new laws and gained control over finances and over the army + Set out basic civil rights.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution .
Image : 28 sept. 1689 - Glorious Revolution/English Bill of Rights : https://time.graphics/fr/event/2412919. -
Act of Union.
After the death of William, the last Stuart, in 1702, creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain : England + Scotland.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution .
Image : The Act of Union of 1707 : https://www.skyminds.net/the-act-of-union-of-1707/ -
Period: to
The Georgian era.
Period of great change, as cities grew, trade expanded and consumerism and popular culture blossomed. Birth of industrialisation and extreme luxury alongside extreme poverty.
TD 7 : GEORGIAN BRITAIN. -
Period: to
The End of the ‘First British Empire’.
England lost a huge part of it’s empire in the American War of Independence.
TD 10 : SLAVERY AND EMPIRE. -
Outbreak of the French Revolution.
Start of a period of political and societal change in France due to multiple social, economic, financial and political crisis.
TD 7 : GEORGIAN BRITAIN.
Image : The French Revolution : https://www.bolshevik.info/great-french-revolution.htm -
Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Uprising against British rule in Ireland influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions.
TD 7 : GEORGIAN BRITAIN.
Image : Irish Rebellion of 1798 : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798 -
The Second Act of Union.
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain : England and Scotland + Ireland.
TD 9 : The interregnum and the glorious revolution .
Image : Act of Union (1801) : https://www.go-to-ireland.com/culture/act-of-union/ -
Battle of Waterloo.
End of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoléon Bonaparte defeated by Wellington’s Army.
TD 7 : GEORGIAN BRITAIN.
Image : Battle of Waterloo : https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/battle-of-waterloo