The English civil war, The Enlightenment, all the way the The American Revolutions, and The Slaves
By osarrailh
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Elizabeth the 1st dies
In 1603, Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty so his cousin, James the 1st, took over the English throne. At the time, England was ruled by absolutisim. -
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James the 1st takes over the English throne
Also called James the IV of Scotlan, took over the English throne after Elizabeth's death. James strongly beleives in absolutism. James, unlike many rules, claimed DEVINE RIGHT. This meant that since he ws "chosen by God" to rule, he had all of the authority possible. Unlike many English, James was a Chatholic. This gave him the un-fortunate nick name of a "dirty Scot". In England, Catholics wanted to break off. The gunpowder plot served warning to James. He was also draged into the 30 years war -
Chales the 1st takes over
Chales the 1st, absolutist king, was very stuborn, resevered, yet pricipled. Unlike his father, he could NOT do bussiness. He was dubbed "the wiseist fool". A scotish war breaks out, but in his stuborness, he looses. At this point he still need money for the 30 years war. He ask Parlement for money, but they refused. Seaking revenge, he notoriously dismissed Parlement. Later, he REALLY needs money, so he rudly asked Parleminet. They refused unless he signed "The Petition of Right" -
The Star Chamber
Originated by Chales the 1st, this was a court that allowed James to judge anyone without causeing a Riot. -
Petition of Right
This consisted of limiting the King as to breaking the law freely. It was directed towars Chales the 1st. -
Parlement Meets
At this point, Charles the 1st is a disaster So they try to pass a law limiting him. This does not work and Charles finishes by escaping england and going to Northern England. -
War breaks out
There are 2 sides to this war:
1. The Royalists: they wanted to stay loyal to Charles the 1st and his absolute power. These mostly consisted of wealthy nobles that would lose their riches without Chales
2. The Roundheads: they fought piously, towards what was considered to be holy. This side mostly consisted of Puritans.
During the first few years, nothing realy happens in the War. -
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The English Civil War
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The New Model Army
The Parlement (allied with the Roundheads) forms a professional army with great soldiers. These where very well diciplined people with great determination. VERY pious: they did not drink, nor smoke, nor gamble, or engage in anytipe of intercourse. They devoutedly follwed their religion, claiming that "God was on their side. -
Caveleirs Lost
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Chales Beheaded
The English Parlement trails Charles for trysin, murder, and public enemy. This sent shock all throughout Europe -
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The Enlightment
The Enlightment is the seed of the thinking from our modern world today. The Enlightment is also called the age of reason for a purpose; it was when poeple relised what the world really consists of. During this Era the church and many commonly held beleifs where broken. These new ideas where spread around the world. The Main country in this Era was France, with key people suck as Voltaire. -
Cromwell to Power
Parlemant decided to abolish Mornarchy after the rule of Charles the 1st. Parlement then put Oliver Cromwell to rule. As a first class puritan, he shut anything that was not considered holy or that had a purpose of honering God. He became "Lord Protector" of the "Common Wealth". -
Cromwell dies
After Cromwells death, his dim witted son came to take over. Childishly, he backed of and steped of the throne -
Restoration of the English Monarchy
Charles II was Charles I eldest son. Cancelled the blue laws which restricted everything appart from church. He became head of the English church and claimed absolutisim. People where preatty happy about this. England being Protestant, he tried to protect Catholics. This backfired and Parlement passed the Test Act, which restricted job choice for Christians. -
Habeas Corpus
Errected by Charles the II, this translates to "show me the body". This act states that no one by put in jail without trail and eveidnence. -
James the II
After the death of his brother, James the II takes control and claims absolutisim. He is a horrible king who tries to convert England into Christianism. He is mercyless, and kills anyone who comes between him, and what he wants to do. -
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Glorius Revolution or the "Bloodless Revolution"
The English People where tired of James the II and his horrible ruling and overthrew him. Eventualy he fled England -
Abolishment of absolutisim (kind of)
After James the II fled, parlement called upon William the III and Queen Mary to come rule England IF they accepted that Parlement ruled over them. They answer with this : "We, William and Mary Of Orange do hereby recognize Parliament as the real power". (In other words, they accepted). -
English Bill of Rights
was put forth by William and Mary to show there acceptance and agreement towards the deal they made with parlement. This act stated that |Ensures that Parliament will now and forever be superior to the monarchy| King had to call parliament reguarly|Parliament controlled spending|King couldn’t interfere with Parliament or dissmiss it|No Catholic could sit on the throne|Trial by Jury|No excessive fines or cruel and unusual punishment|Habeas corpus- couldn’t throw someone in jail without charg -
Francis Bacon
He was reposible for the scientific method that we mostly know of today. Before Francis, science in Europe was basicaly done with no precedure, and sheer luck. -
Isaac Newton
Although many scientists did indeed use Bacon's scientific method, Isaac is primaraly ascociated with it. Newton was responsible for many ground breaking discoveries. This motivated many to use this scientific method in other ideas apart from science. -
Principles of the Enlightment
Bullet #1 Many Enlightenment thinkers felt that religoin set back science. To truly achieve independent thought, one had to throw off all limits and rely solely on reason./Bullet #2 Enlightenment thinkers also strove to make conclusions based on observation, logic, and reason, rather than on faith. Bullet #3 Philosofes, on their free time wanted to learn and expand their knowleadge on... EVERYTHING. -
Rene Descarte
René Descartes was one of the most important philosophers and mathematicians of the modern era. He pondered that all of his prior knowledge was subject to doubt because it was based on traditional beliefs rather than in rational ones. To rationalize all his thoughts he came up with "I think, therefor I am."
