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Period: Jan 1, 1485 to
England was ruled by Tudor Monarchs
Although the Tudors believed in divine right, they shrewdly recognized the value of good relations with Parliament. -
Jan 1, 1516
Charles I became King of Spain
Charles I became king of Spain, and thereby ruler of the Spanish colonies in the Americas as well. He had control of many empires due to so many of his elders in his family dying. He had control of a lot of land during his time and this created lots of tensions between many people in the different empires. -
Jan 1, 1519
Ruling the Haspberg Empire
In 1519 Charles' grandparents died so then Charles took their empire which happened to be the Haspburg Empire, which also included the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands. As the ruler of the empire he changed his name to Charles V.
The result of owning two empires created a lot of warfare. As a devout Catholic, he fought against the Protestantism in the German States. Not only did he have to deal with the protestans but he also had to deal with the muslims who were also causing warfare. -
Period: Jan 1, 1550 to
Spanish's Golden Age
This is the Spanish's Golden Age because of the brilliance of its arts and literature -
Jan 1, 1560
The Spanish's Golden Age
This was the Spanishs Golden Age. They excelled in literature and the arts. This was a time when eduacation was huge and people were learning lots of new things about the world. -
Period: Jan 1, 1560 to
Huguenots tore France apart
They were french protestants against the Catholic Majority -
St. Bartholomew's Day (A catholic holiday)
It was the worst incident that happened to Huguenots. They were gathered for a royal wedding and a plot by the Catholics was made. They killed more than 3,000 French Protestants. In a few days after this massacre thousands more were slaughtered. For many St. Bathoolomew's Day became St. Bathoolomew's Day Massacre and it symbolized for the complete breakdown of order in france -
Henry IV inherits throne
In 1589 a Huguenot prince inherited the French Throne as Henry IV for four years he fought against the fierce Catholic opposition to gain control of france. Finally to end the conflict he converted to catholicism. This endend his fight -
Edict of Nantes
Henry IV issued the edict of nantes granting Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms. Henry IV set out to repair france and his goal was not the victory one sect over another but to put a chicken in every pot. Under the edict Huguenots could live a great life and safe they could work where ever they wanted and royal officials secured the same amount of justice for everyone eaither Huguenots or Catholics -
A Century of Revolution Begins
Elizabeth died childless in 1603. Her heir was her relative James Stuart, the ruling king of Scotland. The Stuarts weren't as popularas the Tudors nor as skillful in dealing with parliament. The stuarts inherited lots of problems which resulted in "a century of revolution". -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
It began in Bohemia the present day Czech Republic. Ferdinand the Catholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia sought to suppress Protestant and assert royal power over nobles. The fighting took a terrible toll. Roving armies of mercenaries or soldiers were hired and they burned villages and destroyed crops they also killed without mercy, -
Parliament Responds
Charles I like his father, behaved like an absolute monarch. He imprisoned his foes without trial and squeezed the nation for money. He needed to raise taxes so he went to parliament and they insisted that he signed a petition of right. He signed it but for 11 years never followed it. During all of this time he created a ton of enemies, especially the Puritans. Eventually things got so bad that the parliament revolted and did their own thing. -
Peace of Westphalia
The thirty years war stopped because of these treaty exhausted combatants accepted a series of treaties. So many powers had been involved in the conflict the treaties aspired both bring about a general european peace and to settle other international problems among combatants France emerged a clear winner gaining territory on both its spanish and german frontier. The Hapsburgs were not so fortunate they had to accept their total independence of all the princes of the holy roman empire -
The Long Parliament Begins
The 1640 Parliament became known as the Long Parliament because it lasted on and off untill 1653. Its actions triggered the greatest political revolution in English history. In a mounting struggle with cheif ministers, including Archbishop Laud. It called for the abolition of bishops and declared that the Parliamant could not be dissolved without own consent. -
Period: to
Peter The Great takes the throne
Peter the great takes the throne for 10 years. -
Peter the Great
Peter the Great traveled to the west to try and modernize Europe. He set out to learn how he could get western ideas to Russia. He would spend hours walking around the streets of Europe looking for facts and for new ideas to help Russia. He was an amazing person who helped Russia advance in many ways. -
War of the Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa set off for hungary to appeal for military help from her Hungarian subjects. The hungarians were ordinarily unfriendly to the Hapsburgs. But she made a dramatic plea before an assembly of Hungarian nobles. Maria Theresa never succeeded in forcing Frederick out of Silesia. Still she did preserve her empire and win the support of most of her people. She even forced nobles and clergy to pay taxes and tried to ease the burden of taxes and labor services on peasents -
Catherine The Great
Peter died without an heir and without naming a successor this set off a power struggle within the romanov family. From whom all the tsars had come since the early 1600s under a series of ineffective rulers. Russian nobles reasserted their independence then a new monarch took the reins of power firmly in hand. she became known to history as Catherine The Great. At the age of 15 to wed the heir to the russian throne. -
The Paritions of Poland
In the 1770s, Catherine, King Fredricl II or Prusssia, and Emperor Joseph II of Austria hungrly eyed Poland. The rulers of Poland were unable to centralize their wealth or diminish the influence of the Polish nobility. To avoid fighting they all agreed in 1772 to devide up Poland.
