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Jan 1, 1519
Ruling the Hapsburg Empire
Charles I becomame heir to the sprawling Hapsburg empire, including the Holy Roman Empire and the Netherlands. Charles took the name of Charles V because he was the ruler. Charles V
ruled two empires and he fought to suppress protestantism. Charles was forced to allow German princes to choose their own religion after two years. -
Jan 2, 1556
Charles V Abdicates
The Hapsburg empire proved ot be scattered for any person. Charles V got tired and disillusioned and gave up his titles and entered a monastery in 1556. When Charles V divided his empire he left the Hapsburg lands to his brother Ferdinand, who became the Roman Emperor. He gave the Netherlands, some Italian states, and Spain, and Spain’s overseas empire to his son Philip, who became Philip II. -
Jan 3, 1571
Battles in the Mediterranean and the Netherlands
Louis followed the policies of Richelieu to ascend the state. He expanded royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and took out his policies in the provinces. Government jobs usually went to wealthy middle-class men. The king built the French army into the strongest in Europe. The state helped 300,000 soldiers in many good ways. He took over this disciplined army to enforce his policies abroad and at home. -
Jan 6, 1575
Louis XIV Stengthens Royal Power
Louis followed the policies of Richelieu to ascend the state. He expanded royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and took out his policies in the provinces. Government jobs usually went to wealthy middle-class men. The state helped 300,000 soldiers in many good ways which is the best army. He took over this disciplined army to enforce his policies abroad and at home. -
Bringing peace to a Shattered Land
Henry Iv fought against fierce Catholic opposition to gain control of France for 4 years. He converted to Catholicism. Henry said his goal was not the victory of one sect over another, but a good sunday dinner for every peasent. By the buildings and reduce of the influence of the nobles he laid foundations so future French monarchs would build absolute power. -
The Stuarts Issue a Challenge
In the House of Common heralds resisted king's claim to absolute power. James needed funds to finance his wage wars and lavish court. He also shock with dissenterss, protestants who differed with the Church of England. A group called Puritans called for simple services. James denied their demands, assuring to "harry them out of this land or do worse" -
Cardinal Richelieu Strengthens Royal Authority
Louis selected Cardinal Richelieu as his chief minister, which caused him to devote 18 years to ascend the central government. Richelieu desired to demolish the power of the nobles and Huguenots. He allowed Huguenots to practice their religion, and destroyed their walls and castle of the Nobles. Richelieu also picked his successor, Cardinal Mazarin. -
A brutal war begins
Thirty Year's War began in Bohemia, the present-day Czech Republic. In May 1618 a few protestant nobleman tossed two royal officials through the window in Prague. That lead to have a general revolt, which everything caused a European war. Ferdinand defeated the Bohemians and Catholic France joined Lutheran Sweden against the Catholic Hapsburgs. -
Parliament responds
Charles I rooted the throne like his father Charles behaving as an absolute monarch. He jailed his foes without trail and choke the nation for money. Charles signed a Petition, but then dissolved Parliament in 1629. In 1637, Charles and Laud tried to appoint the Anglican prayer book on Scotland. -
The Long Parliament Begins
It is known by this name because it lasted on and off until 1653. Actions triggered the greatest political revolution in English history. With Chalres I, Parliament executed his chief ministers, including Archbishop Laud. Charled led troops into the House of Commons to arrest its radical leaders. They escaped and soon raised their own army. The group now moved to the battlefield. -
A Terrible Loss of Life
Soldiers for hire burned villages, destroyed crops, and killed without mercy.Wolves stalked the deserted streets of once-bustling villages. The war led to a caustic reduction in population. Historians estimate that as many as one third of the people in the German states may have died as a result of the War. -
Controlling the Church and the Nobles
Peter wanted to strengthen the military, expand Russian borders, and centralize royal power. He brought all Russian institutions under his control to achieve his ends. Some changes had a symbolic meaning. Peter knew that nobles would serve the state only if their own interests were protectd. -
Peace at Last
Treaties aspired both to bring about a general European peace to settle other international problems because powers had been involved in the conflict, Thirty Year's War left German lands divided into more than 360 seperate states. Those acknowledged the rule of the Holy Romy emperor. -
Modernizing With Force
Peter pushed through social and economic reoforms. He imported Western technology, improved ecuation, and simplified the Russian alphabet. He improved waterways and other good things. He had no mercy for any who resisted the new order. As example of his power, he left their rotting corpses outside the palace walls for months. -
Building St. Petersburg
This is a capital who Peter built. It is located on the Baltic coast along the swampy shores of the Neva River. He maid serfs drown the swamps. Peters plan for the city succeeded. He invited Italian arquitects and artisans to design great palaces in Western style. St. Petersburg became a symbol of Peter's effort to forge a modern Russia.
