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Period: 1475 to 1555
Trastamara’s reign
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1500
The Catholic King and Queen
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the unification of Spain. They were both from the House of Trastámara. During their reign the reconquest of the Iberian peninsula was achieved with the instauration of the inquisition. In addition to this Cristopher Columbus discovered America thanks to the sponsoring of her majesty the queen. -
1555
Joanna of Castile
Historically known as Joanna the Mad, she was the nominal Queen of Castile from 1504 and Queen of Aragon from 1516 to her death in 1555. She was married by arrangement to Philip the Handsome.
Despite being the ruling Queen of Castile, Joanna had little effect on national policy during her reign as she was declared insane and confined under the orders of her father, who ruled as regent until his death, when she inherited his kingdom as well. -
1556
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556 and King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516 to 1556.
Being ultimate heir of his four grandparents, Charles inherited all of his family dominions at a young age. Charles V spent most of his life attempting to defend the integrity of the Holy Roman Empire from the Protestant Reformation, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, and a series of wars with France. With his reign the golden age of the Spanish empire began. -
Period: 1556 to
Hasburg’s reign
-Charles I(1519-1556)
-Philip II (1556-1598)
-Philip III (1598-1621)
-Philip IV (1621-1665)
-CharlesII (1665-1700) -
Philip II of Spain
Philip II, was King of Spain, Portugal Naples and Sicily until his death in 1598.
Philip inherited his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis. The Spanish conquests of the Inca Empire and of the Philippines were completed during his reign. Under Philip II, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age, and ruled territories in every continent then known to Europeans. -
Philip III of Spain
Philip III was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan until his death in 1621.
Philip's political reputation abroad has been largely negative, in particular, his reliance on his corrupt chief minister. For many, the decline of Spain can be dated to the economic difficulties during his reign. Nonetheless, as the ruler of the Spanish Empire he achieved a temporary peace with the Dutch and achieved a successful campaign during the Thirty Years’ War. -
Philip IV of Spain
Philip IV, also called the Planet King, was King of Spain till his death and King of Portugal from 1621 to 1640. Philip is remembered for his patronage of the arts, including such artists as Diego Velázquez, and his rule during the Thirty Years' War.
By the time of his death, the Spanish Empire had reached 12.2 million square kilometers but in other aspects was in decline, a process to which Philip contributed with his inability to achieve successful domestic and military reform -
Charles II the Bewitched
Charles II of Spain known as the Bewitched , was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire. Best remembered for his physical disabilities. Charles's reign has traditionally been viewed as one of managed decline. However, many of the issues Spain faced in this period were inherited from his predecessors.
When he died, the question of who inherited the crown was less important than the division of his territories, and failure to resolve the issue through diplomacy led to war in 1701. -
Period: to
Borbon’s reign
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Philip V of Spain
Philip V was King of Spain from 1700 to to his death in 1746. His total reign of 45 years is the longest in the history of the Spanish monarchy. Philip instigated many important reforms in Spain, most especially the centralization of power, the suppression of regional privileges and restructuring of the administration of the Spanish Empire.
Philip was born into the French royal family as the Duke of Anjou. When Charles II made his last will, he named him as his heir-presumptive. -
Ferdinand VI of Spain, the learned
Ferdinand VI, called the Learned and the Just, was King of Spain from 9 July 1746 until his death.
Ferdinand VI's reign proved peaceful, as he avoided involving of Spain in any European conflicts. Moderate changes to Spain were initiated under the king, including reforms of taxation, advance commerce, and the Spanish navy. However, the last years of Ferdinand's reign were marked by mental instability. Upon his death, Ferdinand was succeeded by his half-brother, Charles III. -
Charles III of Spain
Charles III was King of Spain, duke of Parma and Piacenza, King of Naples and King of Sicily.
He was a defender of enlightened absolutism and regalism.
As King of Spain, Charles III made reforms to increase the flow of funds to the crown and defend against foreign incursions on the empire. He facilitated trade and commerce, modernized agriculture, and promoted science and university research.
Charles III was probably the most successful European ruler of his generation. -
Charles IV of Spain
Charles IV was King of Spain and the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808.
The Spain inherited by Charles IV gave few indications of instability, but during his reign, Spain entered a series of disadvantageous alliances. He detested his son Ferdinand, who later forced his abdication after the Tumult of Aranjuez in March 1808.
Summoned by Napoleon Bonaparte ,he was forced to abdicate in Joseph Bonaparte. The reign of Charles IV turned out to be a major turning point in Spanish history. -
Period: to
Bonaparte’s reign
-Joseph Bonaparte(1808-1813) -
Joseph Bonaparte, bottle Joe
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. During the Napoleonic Wars, the latter made him King of Naples and then King of Spain. After the fall of Napoleon, Joseph styled himself Comte de Survilliers and emigrated to the United States.
During his reign in Spain he had to deal with the War of Independence, which led to his abdication in 1813 -
Period: to
Borbon’s reign
-Ferdinand VII (1813-1833)
-Isabelle II(1833-1868) -
Ferdinand VII of Spain, the desired
Ferdinand VII was a King of Spain from 1813 to his death in 1833.
He linked his monarchy to counter-revolution and reactionary policies that produced a deep rift in Spain. He reached power in 1813, when he reestablished the absolutist monarchy and rejected the liberal constitution of 1812.
Under his rule, Spain lost nearly all of its American possessions and the country entered into a civil war upon his death. His political legacy regards him as incompetent and despotic. -
Isabella II of Spain
Isabella II, was Queen of Spain from 1833 until 1868.
Shortly before her birth, the King Ferdinand VII of Spain issued a Sanction to ensure her succession.
She came to the throne at the age of three, but her succession was disputed by her uncle the Infante Carlos, whose refusal led to the Carlist Wars.
Under the regency of her mother, Spain transitioned from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy adopting the Constitution of 1837. -
Amadeo I
After the Spanish Revolution of 1868 deposed Isabella II, while a new monarch was sought, a provisional government and a regency headed by Francisco Serrano y Domínguez from 8 October 1868 until 2 January 1871 was established. Amadeo was elected as king and the new title used was King of Spain, by the Grace of God and will of the nation. -
Period: to
First republic
-Amadeo I (1873-1874) -
Period: to
Borbon’s reign
-Alfonso XII (1874–1885)
-Alfonso XIII (1886-1931) -
Alfonso XII
Alfonso XII, also known as the Peacemaker, was King of Spain from 1874 to his death in 1885. After a revolution that deposed his mother Isabella II from the throne in 1868, Alfonso studied in Austria and France. His mother abdicated in his favour in 1870, and he returned to Spain as king in 1874 following a military coup against the First Republic. Alfonso died aged 27 in 1885, and was succeeded by his son, Alfonso XIII, who was born the following year. -
Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII, also known as the African, was King of Spain from 1886 to 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He was king from birth but Alfonso's mother, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday.
Alfonso XIII's public image was closely linked to the military estate. His effective reign started four years after the so-called 1898 Disaster. During World War I he remained neutral and later had to face the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. -
Period: to
Second Republic
-Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931-1936)
-Manuel Azaña (1936-1939) -
Period: to
Franco’s dictatorship
-Francisco Franco (1939-1975) -
Period: to
Borbon’s reign
-Juan Carlos I (1975-2014)
-Philip VI (2014- ? ) -
Juan Carlos I
Juan Carlos I is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 1975 until his abdication on 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, he has usually been referred to as the King Emeritus.
Juan Carlos is the grandson of Alfonso XIII, the last king before the abolition of the monarchy and the subsequent declaration of the Republic. Later Franco took over the government, yet in 1947 Spain's status as a monarchy was affirmed and Franco choose Juan Carlos as his successor. -
Philip VI
Felipe VI is now a days King of Spain. He is the son of former King Juan Carlos I and Queen Sofía. In accordance with the Spanish Constitution, as monarch, he is head of state and commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and also the supreme representation of Spain in international relations. Felipe ascended the throne on 2014. His reign has been marked by his dissolution of the Spanish Parliament in 2016, strong condemnation of the Catalonian independence referendum and the COVID-19 pandemic.