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On the 14th of December (1788) Charles IV became king of Spain which later, entrusted the goverment (1792) to Manuel de Godoy, a protégé of the Queen, Maria Luisa of Parma.Their first action to the First Coalition against revolutionary France led to the invation in 1794. In july 1795 the conflict with France was ended by the Peace of Basle, by the next year the Treaty of San Ildefonso took place.When Napoleon occupied nothern Spain in 1807, Charles tried to flee Spain but failed and was exiled.
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It ends the peace of Basilea, it was a treaty that ended the war between the French Republic and Spain and it was signed in the Swiss city.
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Treaties signed by Spain, France,Prussia and Hesse-Kassel to end the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Manuel Godoy signed the Treaty of Fountainebleu with Napoleon Bonaparte of France. They agreed to invade Portugal and divide it between their two countries. However, France used this alliance to invade Spain. Carlos IV´s son,Fernando, opposed this agreement.
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He succsesfuly led the Mutiny of Aranjuez in 1808 against Godoy. Carlos IV abdicted and his son became King Fernando VII. Two moths later, Napoleon forced Fernando VII to abdicate. Napoleon named his own brother, José Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain.
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The people of Madrid opposed the French invasion. This caused an uprising and the War of Independence began. This war was not against France, it was also a civil war in Spain about who the monarch should be. The British helped the Spanish to defeat the French and in 1814 Napoleon recognised Fernando VII as King of Spain
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In 1810, Cadiz was the only place in Spain to not be controlled by the French. Delegates met there to create a constitution which was signed. The Constitution of 1812 was the most liberal constitution of its time and the first constitution of Spain. It established freedom of the press, voting rights for all men over 25, freedom of expression, national sovereignity and a constitutional monarchy.
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When Fernando VII returned from prison in France, the Spanish were happy because it meant the end of French rule. People from upper class wanted an absolutist monarch again. In 1814, Fernando VII made the Constitution of 1812 illegal.
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When Fernando VII returned from prison in France, the Spanich people were happy because ir meant the end of French rule. People in the upper class wanted an absolutist monarch again. In 1814, FernandoVII made the Constitution of 1812 illegal
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One liberal military leader, Rafael de Riego, was not happy with the changes made by Fernando VII so he led a rebellion in 1820. The rebellion was successful and Fernando VII reestablished the Constitution of 1812 and other rights.
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Fernando VII considered the liberals to be a problem. He revoked the Constitution of 1812 for the second time and a period of repression against the liberals began. Fernando VII had a problem of succession. Salic Law only permitted male members of the royal family to be crowned and Fernando VII had no sons. He wanted his daughter, Isabel, to rule instead of his brother, Carlos.
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When King Fernando died , isabela was only three years old. Isabela´s mom , María Cristina of Bourbon, and General Espartero ruled as regents until she became Queen Isabela II at 13. During this period people disagreed about who wanted to govern Spain. Some people thought Carlos (Fernando´s brother) was the correct person to rule Spain. Carlo´s supporters were called Carlists. They had traditional opinions, followed Slic Laws and wanted absolutism. Others wanted Isabela, this caused a civil wars
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It was a radical movement that expressed the agitation of the working class, due to the changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution.
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When Fernando died, Isabel was only three years old. Isabel’s mother, María Cristina of Bourbon, and General Espartero ruled as regents until she became Queen Isabel II at age 13. During the regency period, people disagreed about who they wanted to govern Spain. Some people thought Carlos, was the ‘correct’ person to rule Spain. Carlos’s supporters were called Carlists. They had traditional opinions, followed Salic Law and wanted an absolutist monarchy. Other people wanted Isabel to be Queen.
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During Isabel II’s reign, Spain became a parliamentary monarchy. Isabel II was not popular with the nobility, clergy or political parties. However, two strong military politicians, Ramón María Narváez and Leopoldo O’Donnell, did support her.
When they died, the government became very weak. There was an uprising led by General Juan Prim. He took control of the government and sent the Queen into exile in 1868. He then started looking for a new monarch. -
The first Carlist war was between 1833 and 1840 in Spain. It was between the Carlists and the Elizabethans.
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In 1837 all forms of slavery were abolished.
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Began with the construction of the first railway lines and has continued up to today becoming one of the most important elements of Spanish society and economy
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Was the process of transformation of the agricultural and craft, economy into an economy based factories which used machines
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The growing discontent with Isabella II which eventually led to the outbreak of the Spanish Revolution.
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The period of Spain´s contemporary history from the triumph of the Revolution on September 1868 to the declaration of December in 1874. This marked the beginning of the Bourbon Restoration. Its known as the Democratic or Revolutionary Sexennial
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The 1869 Constitution restored the right to universal male suffrage, following an era of censorship
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Two years after Isabel II’s exile, Amadeo, Duke of Aosta, became King of Spain. Soon after Amadeo became King, his main supporter, General Prim, was assassinated.
King Amadeo was not completely accepted in Spain. Carlists, Alfonsoists (supporters of Isabel II’s son, Alfonso) and supporters of a republic opposed him. -
After Amadeo abdicated, the Parliament declared Spain a republic. However, political and social instability continued. The First Republic had four presidents in only 11 months. There were also three simultaneous civil wars at this time.
General Manuel Pavía led
a coup d’état on to try to end the Republic. Some groups supported a return of the monarchy under Alfonso, Isabel II’s son. -
Spain was a parliamentary monarchy again. At this time, two official political parties were permitted: the Conservatives and the Liberals. There were two key political figures during this time: Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, leader of the Conservatives, and Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, leader of the Liberals.
It was also electoral fraud: the King chose which party ruled the government and election results were decided in advance. -
He dies on November 25th of 1885
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Alfonso XII died in 1885. His wife, María Cristina, acted as regent for their son, AlfonsoXIII.
In 1898, Spain lost the last of its colonies outside Africa, including Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
María Cristina ruled until Alfonso XIII turned 16 in 1902.
