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Charles I and Archbisop Laud's Plan of Religious Conformity is Foiled
*Previous to this event, Charles I had dissolved Parliament, beginning his 11 years of personal rule in 1629
*In 1637, Charles I and Archbishop Laud tried to impose the English episcopal system on Scotland, including a prayer book that was similar to Anglican Book of Common Prayer. Their imposition was rejected as the Scots rebelled.
*Charles I lacked the resources and money needed for funding a war, so he was forced to recall Parliament in 1640.
Image Source: http://shop.nms.ac.uk/product_image -
The Long Parliament
*Previous to this, Charles I had dissolved "Short Parliament" after multiple disputes.
*Long Parliament ran from 1640 to 1660 and came to the ruling that there could be no more than three years between Parliament meetings and the king could not dissolve Parliament without Parliament's consent.
*Parliament declaring more control - contributing to a limited monarchy.
*Image Source: http://www.historycentral.com/WH1400-1900/Europe/Europe/TriennalAct.jpg -
Charles I Invaded Parliament, beginning English Civil War
*Parliament refused to raise money for army to suppress rebellion in scotland: October 1641 - Charles I could not be trusted with army.
*Charles I invaded Parliament in January 1642, Charles then left England to raise his army
*House of Commons passed Militia Ordinance: gave Parliament authority to raise its own army
*Parliament continuing to gain power over monarchy
*Image Source: http://www.historyonthenet.com/Stuarts/images/charlesparliament.jpg -
Charles I Executed, beginning Oliver Cromwell's Puritan Republic
*Charles I's defeat and execution marked the beginnning of Oliver Cromwell's rule over England as "Lord Protector."
*England became a Puritan Republic from 1649 to 1660.
*Cromwell eventually dissolved Parliament himself and became as harsh as Charles I
*Highlights continuous religious and financial struggle between monarchy and Parliament.
Image Source: http://www.olivercromwell.org/protectorate/images/montclair_west.jpg -
Parliament PassedTest Act
*The Test Act, which required civil and military officials of the crown to swear an oath against the doctrine of transubstantiation, was another act passed by Parliament.
*Although this act was directed towards a select group of people, specifically toward Charles II's brother James, the Duke of York, it can still be viewed as an example of the Parliament limiting the power of the monarchy.
Image Source: http://sos.ri.gov/virtualarchives/archive/fullsize/c-00222-9-test-act_59456dfb8b.jpg -
"Glorious Revolution"
*James II dissolved Parliament in 1687 and his following actions caused Upset among land owners, the church, and corporations who believed their local legal privileges were being violated.
*William of Orange arrived with his army to help people fight for their rights and for England's "traditional liberties" against James II, and William had multiple supporters
*James II fled to France
Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/images/glorious_revolution_1.jpg -
William III and Mary II Proclaimed as English Monarchs
*Parliament proclaimed William III (William of Orange) and Mary II as English monarchs.
*William and Mary worked with Parliament and recognized the Bill of Rights, limited the power of the English monarchy, and clarified civil privileges for England's upper classes.
*It was ruled that Parliament must meet at least every three years, and that monarchs could not pass laws without Parliament's consent.
Image Source: http://englandmyengland.tripod.com/dec_of_rightsGloriousRev.jpg
