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François Dominique Toussaint-Louverture took charge of a slave revolt in the French side of the island of Hispaniola and led it between 1793 and 1802. He faced the Spanish, the English and the French, until his capture, exile and death in France. In 1803, Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French troops and, in 1804, declared the independence of Haiti
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They can be distinguished with the following causes
Economical. The fall of the Bourbon reforms, in which trade was impeded Social. There was resentment for the prerogatives of the Spanish. Ideological. The forerunners realized that there was not an entity that was discarded, for which they created a separate entity from Spain Influence of the independence of the United States and the French Revolution. -
The independence of Latin America was the historical process of therebellion of its inhabitants against the rule and the formation of
independent nation states. -
The South American Creoles made three theses which were:
The rejection of Napoleon's claims of America, loyalty to Fernando VII and, most importantly, the illegitimacy of both Joseph Bonaparte and the colonial authorities appointed by the Spanish king, that he no longer had any power. -
To the causes, we must addthe events that precipitated the
independence. One of them is Napoleon which imprisoned Carlos IV and his son of Fernando VII and obliged abdicate in your favor. Then he called his brother, José Bonaparte, King of Spain. In many Spanish cities they organized -
When the patriotic troops of Antonio José de Sucre defeated the royalists commanded by Melchor Aymerich, thereby achieving the definitive independence of the Royal Audience of Quito.
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The Spanish authorities fiercely repressed the first of the cities to form a Sovereign Board. They tried to prevent contagion. The viceroys of Lima and Bogotá immediately sent troops with the order to besiege Quito and not allow "a grain of salt" to enter. After the defeat, the armies of Lima and Bogotá occupied the city and a year later assassinated 300 patriots and citizens, who shook all of America.
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On a day like today, 209 years ago, the heroes of the First Cry of Independence were assassinated. It happened when a group of Quiteños launched a plan to free them from prison and a possible death sentence, on charges of treason.
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The Declaration of Independence of Argentina was a decision taken by the Congress of Tucumán, by which it said the formal breaking of the ties of political dependence of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata with the Spanish monarchy.
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The emancipation of Chile through the Act of Independence of Chile, officially sworn on February 12, 1818. It should be noted that the independence treaty is signed in the commune of Talcahuano in the city of Concepción.
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Bolivar and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war, they faced morrillo in the dungeon, Bolivar crossed the Andes and defeating the royalists in the Vargas swamp in which new Granada sealed its Independence
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Bolivar to obtain the victory had to battle against the republican forces and against the Spanish, he was also fought with the American emonization, in all the 13 years of battle only 5 months there was a gendered peace
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José de San Martín declared independence in the current Peruvian capital proclaiming that: “Peru is, from this moment, free and independent by the general will of the peoples and by the justice of their cause that God defend. "
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Guatemala with its provinces (Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos, and Costa Rica) declared its independence from the Spanish Crown (15-09-1821) and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to defend it self better from Spain. One year later, Guatemala and its provinces formed an independent state, of federal character, with the name of United Provinces of the Center of America, being its capital city of Guatemala. -
Las Campañas del Sur is the name given to a series of military campaigns that Gran Colombia undertook in the south of its territory between the counter with Spanish rule in South America and that were of decisive importance for the independence of the current republics of the Ecuador. Peru, etc.
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Introduced a liberal and agrarian state
reform. But he had him shot in 1815. Frustrated in his desire for autonomy and free trade, a group of conservative creoles proclaimed independence in 1821, but only when Antonio López de Santa Anna is proclaimed President of the Republic in 1833 Spain only recognized Mexicans independence in 1839. -
They tried to become independent but due to the defeat against the US, they could not be independent and consequently it is a country currently led by the US.
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In 1821, John VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, but the following year he proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil. In 1831 he abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II, who reigned until 1889 when the first the republic was proclaimed.
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The intervention of the United States precipitated the Spanish defeat and Cuba proclaimed its independence in 1899, although it suffered the American occupation.
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Panama belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and, the refore, it became independent along with Colombia. From this separated in 1904, by the direct action of the United States, to control the Panama Canal promoted the formation of a separate republic.
