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1347
The Black Death
Ravages Europe for the first time.Spares money to invest in display.The Black Death was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1346 to 1353. -
Period: 1347 to
Renaissance
the golden era.The term Renaissance, literally means "rebirth" and is the period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages, conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in classical learning and values. -
1374
Death of Petrarch
Man called the father of the Renaissance but undoubtedly a genius.Petrarch was a poet and scholar whose humanist philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. He is also considered one of the fathers of the modern Italian language. -
1396
Creation of Chair of Greek in Florence
It was Florence that gave the first impulse to the study of Greek by the creation of the chair occupied by Pilate in 1360, and from that date the progress was very rapid. Guarini of Verona succeeded Chrysoloras, and when Cosimo the Elder had driven Strozzi into exile. -
1397
Giovanni de Medici
moved to Florence.Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici was an Italian banker, a member of Medici family of Florence, and the founder of the Medici Bank -
1400
Burni
Panegyric to the city of Florence. was an Italian humanist, historian and statesman, often recognized as the most important humanist historian of the early Renaissance.He has been called the first modern historian -
1500
Phillip II
He defended the Catholic Reformation.He started the Spanish Inquisition killing about 25,000 people. -
Spanish Armada
a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from La Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. The strategic aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her establishment of Protestantism in England, with the expectation that this would put a stop to English interference -
Period: to
Age of Absolutism
European history in which monarchs successfully gathered the wealth and power of the state to themselves. Louis XIV is the poster image of the absolute monarch. -
English Civil War
This war was a very important war.It challenged the power to the absolute monarch.The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over. -
Leviathan
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651. Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state. -
King Louis XIV
Created the Palace of Versailles.He devoted his work and cared about his environment. -
Two Treatises on Government
English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704), who also witnessed the turmoil of an English civil war.The Glorious Revolution (1688–89) argued in his influential Two Treatises on Civil Government. -
Peter the Great
Set out a journey to the West.He went to the West to explore the culture.Peter Alexeyevich ruled the Tsardom of Russia. -
Steam Engine
Thomas Newcomen invents the first steam engine. It is not very useful yet,but the idea of using steam to make machines go will be important to the Industrial Revolution -
Persian Letters
In 1711 Usbek leaves his seraglio in Isfahan to take the long journey to France, accompanied by his young friend Rica. He leaves behind five wives (Zashi, Zéphis, Fatmé, Zélis, and Roxane) in the care of a number of black eunuchs, one of whom is the head or first eunuch. -
The Spirit of the laws
pioneering work in comparative law, published in 1748 by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu. Originally published anonymously, partly because Montesquieu's works were subject to censorship, its influence outside France was aided by its rapid translation into other languages. -
Battle of Lepanto
When a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers. Inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where the Ottoman forces sailing westwards -
Candid
It begins with a young man, Candide, who is living a sheltered life in an Edenic paradise and being indoctrinated with Leibnizian optimism (or simply "optimism") by his mentor, Professor Pangloss. The work describes the abrupt cessation of this lifestyle, followed by Candide's slow, painful disillusionment as he witnesses and experiences great hardships in the world. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.In modern history, the process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing. -
Spinning Jenny
The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame. Was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. -
America Declares its Independence
By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. The Declaration summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence. -
Moores Creek
The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought near Wilmington in present-day Pender County, North Carolina on February 27, 1776. The victory of North Carolina Revolutionary forces over Southern Loyalists helped build political support for the revolution and increased recruitment of additional soldiers into their forces. -
Big British setback at Saratoga
The The battle of saratoga was the turning point of the Revolutionary War. Burgoyne presented to British ministers in London was to invade America from Canada by advancing down the Hudson Valley to Albany. -
British surrenders at Yorktown
That day came on October 19, 1781, when the British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his troops in Yorktown, Virginia. General Cornwallis brought 8,000 British troops to Yorktown. They expected help from British ships sent from New York. The British ships never arrived. -
Period: to
French Revolution
the French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in the early 1800s with the ascent of Napoleon Bonaparte. French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideals. -
Estates General
After bad harvest and costly wars, King Louis XVI is forced to convene this ancient assembly in order to raise taxes.During the election process, voters traditionally draft petitions of greviance -
National assembly
Revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate.Its members had been elected to represent the estates of the realm. -
Declaration of the rights of Man
important document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.Influenced also by the doctrine of "natural right", the rights of man are held to be universal. -
Tennis Court Oath
Nat.Assembly resolves not to disband until it has written a constitution.Louis legalized the National Assembly under the Third Estate but then surrounded Versailles with troops and dismissed Jacques Necker, a popular minister of state who had supported reforms. -
Bastille
Royal fortress and prison that had come to symbolize the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchs.Terror in which King Louis XVI was overthrown and tens of thousands of people, including the king and his wife Marie-Antoinette, were executed. -
Italian Campaign
Napoleon took over the French "Army of Italy", drove the Austrians and sardinians out of Piedmont. Defeated the Papal states,and occupied Venice. This was his first major victory. -
Period: to
Napoleonic Era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe.It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory. -
Battle of Austerlitz
Napoleon defeated the Third Coalition. Generally viewed as one of his most brilliant battles. -
Treaty of Tilsit
After the battle of Friedland, where Napoleon defeated the Russians.Alexander of Russia negotiated this treaty that would bring peace to Russia -
Russian Campaign
Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812 was one of the greatest disasters in military history. Napoleon invaded Russia at the head of an army of over 600,000 men but by the start of 1813 only 93,000 of them were still alive and with the army. -
German Campaign
The German Campaign was fought in 1813. Members of the Sixth Coalition fought a series of battles in Germany against the French Emperor Napoleon and his Marshals, which liberated the German states from the domination of the First French Empire -
Brooklyn Bridge
Started in 1869 and completed fourteen years later in 1883, it connects the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn, spanning the East River. name coming from an earlier January 25, 1867, letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle. -
First Powered Airplane
first successful heavier-than-air powered aircraft. It was designed and built by the Wright brothers. They flew it four times on December 17, 1903, near Kill Devil Hills. -
Model T car
It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting.
