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In 1649, Charles I was exectude and a republic fas proclaimed under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
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In 1660, the monarchy was restored and Charles II accepted the control of Parliament.
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In 1679, the Habeas corpus, a text guaranteeing individual freedoms and preventing the king from using arbitrary detention, was approved.
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In 1689, the absolutist policy of the new monarch James II and his Catholic faith caused a second revolution. Parliament offered the crown to the Dutch prince William of Orange, a protestant who was prepared to accept Bill of Rights.