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Creation of the company of 100 associates
100 associates had monopoly on the fur trade. This company was created to populate the colony and to make money by trading furs. They did not focus on populating the colony of New France because all they cared about was making money. So the king took back control of the colony. -
Royal Government
The king has all powers,this is called an absolute monarchy.Democracy is non existent. The citizens have no say in anything.The king has all power.The minister of marine is responsible for the colonies.The governor general is the king's representative.The intendant manages the budget.The sovereign council is composed of the governor, bishop and intendant.They acted as a court of law.The bishop takes care of the religious aspects of the colony.The captain of militia’s role is to defend the colony -
Mgr de Laval, first bishop of quebec
Francois Laval held the highest position in the catholic clergy at the time the royal government was set up. He exercised far ranging powers in the colony. He named the priests and missionaries, he enforced the tithe and he had a seat in the sovereign council, therefore having an influence of the state. He banned trading furs of alcohol. At this time, the church had control of healthcare and education giving them a greater influencé of the citizens. -
Great Peace of Montreal
There was lots of fighting between the Amerindians and New France. To stop the wars, New France signed the Great Peace of Montreal with 40 first nations of North america. -
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War of Conquest
The battle of the plains of Abraham took place, by the end of the batter Quebec was in British hands. Then, the British took over the city of montreal. The capitulation of Montreal said that Québec was given to the British and an exchange of prisoners was permitted. -
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British Military regime
For the first three years, the newly names province of québec was administered under martial law, a system of temporary rule by the army, usually with special military courts instead of civil authorities. Because the 7 year war wasn't over ter, British control of New france was not official. The treaty of Paris ended the 7 years war. France gave up all the territories in North America except Ste Pierre and Miquelon. The Canadians became part of the British empire. -
Royal Proclamation
The goal of the royal proclamation was to assimilate all the french canadians and make them British. It is the first constitution of the province of quebec and it describes the operations of the new British colony. French civil and criminal laws are replaced with English laws. To be a part of the government you had to do the test act: putting your hand on the bible, stating that you are renewing the catholic faith and that the pope has no authority. -
Quebec act
The 13 colonies are starting to talk about their independence. To ensure the loyalty of the french canadians in the event of a war with the 13 colonies, the king of england decides to grant a new constitution to the province of Québec. The quebec act expands the territory of quebec, french civil laws were applied and the test act was replaced with an oath of allegiance to the king. -
Constitutional act
This constitution attempted to satisfy the requirements of both the loyalists and the French in Québec. Québec was divided into upper and lower canada. This constitution also grants a legislative assembly to each colony. In upper canada british criminal and civil laws were applied. In lower Canada British criminal and French civil laws were applied. The was a representative government in both Canadas and religious freedom was permitted. -
92 Resolutions
The parti Patriote was made up of French Canadian representatives. They were unsatisfied with the legislative assemblys lack of real power.They pushed for a responsible government which would give them more power.They wanted to preserve the french culture. They decided to draft the 92 resolutions.They demanded more autonomy for Canada with respect to Great Britain and a more democratic system. Ex of their demands: abolition of the power of veto, control of the budget by the legislative assembly -
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Rebellions in Lower and Upper Canada
The patriots spread their ideas to the population during a series of public assemblies. Papineau, the leader of the patriotes, delivered speeches demanding that the population boycott products imported from Great Britain to pressure the government. In June, the governor prohibited these assemblies. All this caused armed confrontations. There were 3 battles between the patriots and the British. The patriotes only won one. More than 850 patriotes were arrested and other fled to the united states -
Act of Union
The act of union changed the structure of Canadas government. It unified upper and lower Canada. It was to be a legislative union where one government controlled the whole colony. There was to be one united assembly. 42 elected member were represent Canada West and 42 for Canada East. English became the official language of Canada. Lower canada had to share upper canadas depts. -
British North America Act
With the BNAA Canada became a federation. Powers were separated between the fédéral and provincial governments, The Canadian government was headed by a prime minister and the Quebec government was headed by a premier. Confederation allowed for a better management of economic and financial resources of the founding provinces as well as those that joined later. Authority of federal: currence, banks, defense, postal services. Authority of provincial government: hospitals, education. -
Conscription Crisis
During WWI lots of english speaking/british canadians enlisted in the army to help the british troops. But the French were less willing to volunteer because they didn't think it was their war to fight. Because of this there weren't enough people to defend the British troops so the government of Canada imposed a conscription. 1900 Canadians were forced to join the army. -
Women's right to vote
In the 19th century the status of women was inferior to that of men, woman had to legal or political rights and those who worked were paid far less than men. Women's right to vote was recognized federally in 1918. -
Maurice Duplessis, Premier
The Duplessis government advocated provincial rights. Many groups were opposed to the Duplessis government because he was selling Quebec's natural resources at a bargain price. Duplessis was against the idea of unions and he believed that it was a communist idea. Duplessis had the Padlock law adopted which was a law to protect against communist propaganda. -
Padlock Act
Duplessis adopted the Padlock law. This law permitted the police to close any establishment believed to be involved in communist propaganda. This law was also used to close down union offices. Duplessis also adopted anti labour laws, by removing the certification of unions supporting strikes. -
Women's right to vote
Woman's right to vote was recognized provincially. In the 1950’s married women had no legal status. They were technically under the supervision of their husbands. But then, things started to improve for women. Therese Forget Casgrain was the first woman to be head of a political party. Then, the civil code will officially recognize the equality between men and women. -
Conscription Crisis
During WWII,the prime minister of Canada, William King promised Canadians that he would not impose conscription.But because of all the deaths, they had to go back on their promise. The king then organized a referendum on conscription.The majority of English Canadians supported the idea while the majority of French Canadians were against it. Duplessis’s political ideas were based on liberalism and on French Canadian nationalism that emphasized catholicism, agriculturalism and provincial autonomy -
Nationalization of electricity
Electricity was originally controlled by multiple little companies, but then hydroelectricity took over all the companies and is now incharge of Quebec's electricity. -
October Crisis
Some separatists believed that only radical measures would lead to Quebec's sovereignty. This was the case for the members of the FLQ. This group kidnapped people and launched several terrorist attacks. To solve this crisis, Quebecs premier Robert Bourassa asked for help from Ottawa. PET called in the army to intervene and invoked the war measures act. This law allowed the government to suspend citizens individual rights and freedoms and proceed to arrest and detain people without laying charges -
Referendum on sovereignty-association
Rene Levesque left the liberal party of Québec and founded the MSA. It campaigned for Quebec's sovereignty combined with an ongoing economic union with the rest of Canada.This group merged with the PQ and was elected and formed the government of Québec. They wanted to negotiate an agreement that would allow it to be sovereign at a political level,while maintaining economic ties with the rest of Canada. The referendum divided Quebec's population.In the end the no side won with 59.56% of the votes -
Meech Lake Accord
Attempts of reconciliation for the constitutional agreement takes place. Brian Mulroney proposed a new constitution that is first accepted by all the provinces and then rejected by Newfoundland and Manitoba. -
Referendum on sovereignty
The PQ held a second referendum on Québec sovereignty but the result revealed a profound division between sovereignists and federalists. The No side won with 50..6% of the votes. -
"Paix des Braves" agreement
This is an agreement signed between the Government of Quebec and the Grand Council of the Crees. This historic Agreement implements with respect to Quebec recommendations of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples and provides for the sharing of revenues derived from mining, hydroelectric development and forestry carried out on the traditional lands of the Cree People.
