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On September 16, 1810 (now celebrated as Mexican Independence Day) - Hidalgo issued the “Grito de Dolores” (“Cry of Dolores”), calling for the end of Spanish rule, for racial equality, and for redistribution of land. The speech effectively launched the Mexican War of Independence (1810–21). His speech strongly influenced the people of many countries that were under colonial rule At the same time, Mexico's first revolt began (1810) - the first revolts in Mexico leading up to their independence. -
Sept. 16 is Mexican Independence Day, a day commemorating the moment when Father Hidalgo, a priest and leader, called for Mexico's liberation from Spain in September of 1810. -
After a crushing defeat at the Battle of Calderón Bridge on January 17, 1811, Hidalgo fled north, hoping to escape into the United States. He was caught on March 21 and executed by a firing squad on July 30, 1811, at age 58.
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Independence of Paraguay occured when colonists overthrow the Spanish governor themselves. Depicted: Casa de la independencia in Asuncion, Paraguay; In this building the colonists began their rebellion against Spainsh rule. -
A battle during the Chilean War for Independence. Chileans were defeated by Spanish forces. This defeat caused commander Bernardo O'Higgins to seek assistance in Jose de San Martin. Depicted: The Battle of Rancagua -
José María Morelos, in full José María Morelos y Pavón, (born September 30, 1765, Valladolid, Mexico—died December 22, 1815, San Cristóbal), revolutionary priest who assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after Miguel Hidalgo’s 1810 rebellion and subsequent execution. -
Argentine independence from Spain; Led by Jose de San Martin Depicted: Casa de la independencia in Tucuman City; Building where Argentine Independence was declared
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Chilean Independence led by Bernardo O'Higgins. O'Higgins was placed in power by San Martin to liberate Chile, and remained as a dictator in Chile to encourage and support the nation's reformations. Depicted: Bernardo O'Higgins -
Plan of Iguala Agustín de Iturbide, an officer in the Spanish army, changes his stance after crushing independence movements and begins his own. He outlines his policies and procedures in the Plan of Iguala. -
Mexico claiming their independence from Spain. Video: Modern-day Independence Day Celebration in Antigua, Guatemala After observing Mexico's independence, Guatemalans decided to follow the Mexican's lead and break free from Spain themselves. Guatemala then opts to join with Mexico to form a larger state under Iturbide. This arrangement prevails until Iturbide abdicates in 1823. -
Meeting of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. San Martin called Bolivar to meet with him to discuss troubles regarding the liberation of Peru and to receive guidance. Both men found themselves to have strikingly similar interests, and by the end of their meeting, San Martin abdicated his power in Peru, and Bolivar took the initiative to begin its liberation. Depicted: An illustration of Bolivar and San Martin during the Guayaquil Conference -
Dom Pedro, regent of Brazil son of John IV of Portugal, declares Brazilian independence from Portugal. Depicted: Dom Pedro I of Brazil -
Simon Bolivar and his chief of staff Antonio Jose de Sucre win a battle together against the Spanish on August 6th. Sucre finalizes independence for Peru on December 9th at Ayacucho. Later, in 1825, Sucre completes the independence of Upper Peru in the Andes Mountains. Depicted: Antonio Jose de Sucre -
This included Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Columbia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil, Central America and Mexico
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The region of Upper Peru won by Bolivar's go-to military man Sucre was established as a separate state in 1825 and named Bolivia (to honor Simon Bolivar). Sucre was named president of Bolivia for his lifetime, but his time in office ended with his resignation after two short years. Depicted: Illustration of Simon Bolivar -
The Initial Attempts at Uruguayan independence by Artigas After Spanish forces are initially put under siege in Montevideo by Jose Gervasio Artigas, Uruguay is technically still unable to declare its own independence. Both Brazil and Argentina fight to take Uruguay for their own territory. Finally, in 1828 Brazil and Argentina sign a treaty to stop their warring and to declare the independence of Uruguay. -
He served briefly as secretary of the military junta that ruled the country from 1840 to 1841, after the death of Francia. In 1841, Congress chose him as the country's first consul, equivalent to that of president, ruling alongside Mariano Roque Alonso. In 1844, he exiled Roque and assumed dictatorial powers. A few months later, Congress adopted a new constitution, which changed the head of state's title from consul to president and elected him to the new post for a 10-year term. -
Finally in 1851 president José Hilario López signed the Ley de Manumisión o de Liberación de los Esclavos en la Nueva Granada that abolished slavery in Colombia. -
Mexican Civil War may refer to: ... Mexican Revolution (1910–1920), a national revolution including armed struggles that transformed Mexican culture and government. Cristero War (1926–1929), a struggle in central and western Mexico against articles of the 1917 Constitution. Civil War begins in Mexico when the Church is expropriated of its land. This was done in an attempt to precipitate wealth for the middle class. -
Federico Marcos del Rosario Errázuriz Zañartu was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile between 1871 and 1876. -
Brazil was the last nation of the Americas to abolish the practice of slavery. Slaves liberated by Brazilian princess Isabel. On May 13, 1888, Brazilian Princess Isabel of Bragança signed Imperial Law number 3,353. ... Called the “Golden Law,” it abolished slavery in all its forms. -
The Battle of Dos Ríos was fought in Cuba during its war of independence from Spain, Cuban poet Jose Marti laid his forces in a battle to win Cuban independence from Spain, but lost. -
U.S.A. gains the Phillipines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico from this victory. This concludes Spanish rule in the Americas. Depicted: "Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill" By Frederic Remington -
The Sáenz Peña Law (Spanish: Ley Sáenz Peña) was Law 8871 of Argentina, sanctioned by the National Congress on 10 February 1912, which established the universal, secret and compulsory male suffrage though the creation of an electoral list (Padrón Electoral).
