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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Bourbon Reforms
Many economic and political reforms created harsh living and working conditions in Spanish America. The harsh conditions angered many civillians and created a hatred for the Spanish. Many revolutionaries sited the Bourbon Reforms as a reason to revolutionize. -
Jul 25, 1524
first capital Tecpan Guatelmala
Th first capital was named Tecpan Guatemala, founded on July 25, 1524 with the name of Villa de Santiago de Guatemala and was located near Iximché, the Kaqchikel capital city. It was moved to Ciudad Vieja on November 22, 1527, when the Kaqchikel attacked the city. On September 11, 1541 the city was flooded when the lagoon in the crater of the Agua Volcano collapsed due to heavy rains and earthquakes, and was moved 4 miles (6 km) to Antigua, on the Panchoy Valley, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site -
Jesuits thrown out of Paraguay
The King of Spain got rid of the Jesuits that had taken place in Paraguay because he thought that they were conspiring against Spain. This movement was started by the colonists, who became jealous of the protection and brilliance of the Jesuits, but was finished by the King of Spain. -
Invasions of the Río de la Plata
The British (enemies of Spain) launched the invasions of the Río de la Plata (a large territory containing Uruguay). Uruguay miraculously holds off the 10000 British soldiers, liberating the capital city of Montevideo from foreign control. -
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War was a war the was part of the Napoleonic Wars. The Peninsular War was between France and Portugal. This played a role in the independence movement of Brazil because since Portugal was fighting in a war with France this ment that Portugal had to focus all of its resources on this war insted of making sure everything was going good in its colonies, which in turn helped out the Brazilians a lot in gaining their independence for Portugal. -
Chilean Independence
The captaincy-general of Chile declared its independence from the Spanish throne due in no small part to the rise of the unpopular royal governor Brigadier Francisco García Carrasco and the establishment of Joseph Bonaparte as the Spanish crown, whom the people had no loyalty to. Much blood was shed in the conquest for independence. -
Paraguay's Revolution of Independence
On the night of the 14th a group of patriots, led by Pedro Juan Caballero, surrounded the house of the Spanish Governor. They demanded that Bernardo de Velasco give up his seat as governor, which was achieved without any resistance. -
Battle of Las Piedras
José Gervasio Artigas launches Uruguay's first attack on the Spaniards, marking the start of the Uruguayan revolution. Uruguay was victorious and José Gervasio Artigas became a national hero. -
Battle of Rancagua
A devastating defeat for Chile, this marked the end of the first independence period and the beginning of the Spanish Reconquesta. -
Dictatorship of Dr. Jose Gaspar de Francia
The congress named Dr. Jose Gaspar de Francia the Supreme Dictator of the Republic. He supported the Independence of Paraguay. He later had the entire country secured, with the excuse that he needed to do so to do what he thought the country needed. -
Guatemala independence
The Captaincy-general of Guatemala officially announced its independence from Spain and its incorporation into the Mexican Empire, which was dissolved two years later. The Guatemalan provinces formed the United Provinces of Central America, also called the Central American Federation -
Peruvian Independence
After years of being a royalist stronghold, Jose San Martin led the first sucessful uprising in Peru. The revolutionaries were upset with prediuce, harsh working conditions, slavery and the removal of Upper Peru from the Viceroyaty of Peru. Jose San Martin declared independence from Spain in Lima and was voted the "Protector of the Nation". -
Brazilian Independence
This was the day that Don Pedro, the first emperor of Brazil proclaimed independence from Portugal. This went over rather smoothly compared to most places beacuse Portugal had bigger fish to fry like the French, who had invaded Brazil and other internal problems that were more important then the colony of Brazil. Althought Portugal did not actually recognize Brazil's independence until August 29, 1825. -
Battle of Ayacucho
While most of Peru had been liberated from the Spanish Crown three years prior, Upper Peru was still under royalist control. This battle ended Spanish rule in Upper Peru and was the final battle in the Latin American Wars of Independence. -
Uruguayan Independence
After over a century of quarrels and battles over the colony between Brazil and Argentina, José Gervasio Artigas and the people of Uruguay officially take their independence 10 years after their verbal declaration in 1815, which resulted in a long and brutal war ending in freedom. -
Portguese Recognition of Brazilian Independence
This was the day that the Portguese actually recognized that the Brazilian's had indepedence from them. The Portuguese originally proclaimed independence on September 7, 1822. It took the Portuguese almost three years to actually recognize the Brazilian independence which is weird, because in most places it happens right away. -
Uruguayan Constitution Written
The constitution of Uruguay is written, establishing a solid foundation for the new government. -
Guerra Grande (Uruguayan Civil War)
Los Colorodos y los Blancos fight for control of Uruguay in a war stemming from side-taking in small Argentinian disputes. Los Blancos were eventually defeated in a long and compicated process ending in the Uruguayan navy and Brazil siding against Manuel Oribe, the leader of los Blancos. This victory for los Colorados resulted in the abolition of slavery in 1852. -
Chilean Civil War
A conflict between the congress and the president, Jose Manuel Balmaceda. These groups were backed by the navy and the army respectively. This resulted in the defeat of the president and his allied forces and the suicide of the president, and marked a period which reduced the power of the executive branch and allowed the Roman Catholic Church to maintain a high status in Chile. -
Juan José Arévalo
he was the first president after Guatemala got their independence who was elected the fair way. their first non dictatorship government. He was elected the democratic way. -
Guatemalan Civil war
the war was known as the 36 year war. 1960-1996. The war began as a grassroots, popular movement to the rightist and military usurpation of civil government.
