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Among the Creoles residing in the main colonial cities there was a certain revolutionary agitation from 1780 onwards. It was fostered and maintained by ideologists such as Antonio Nariño, a Colombian, propagator of the political doctrines of the French encyclopedists.
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1803: Jean Jacques Dessalines definitely defeated the French troops.
1804: Declared the independence of Haiti.
1822: Haiti submits the eastern part (Dominican Republic)
1865: Dominican Republic achieves its independence. -
When in Europe the fire of the Revolution seemed to diminish, an action began in the Spanish colonies of America demanding their independence from Spain. The essential cause of this process was the inability of the metropolis to meet the demands of administrative reform, social and political renewal and economic expansion of its colonies. The same feeling of protest against the ineptitude of the ministerial despotism that broke out in Spain in 1808 against Carlos IV
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To the causes is added
the events of May 5, 1808 when Napoleon
imprisoned Charles IV and his
son Fernando VII and obliged
abdicate in your favor.
Then he named his brother,
José Bonaparte, King of Spain. In many Spanish cities they organized
Autonomous Boards that promised to govern until the return of
Fernando VII to the throne, but they were dissolved by the French. Only -
In the independence of Latin America, as in any complex process, many
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was resentment over the prerogatives of the Spaniards. The disputes between Spaniards and creoles for management positions extended to all areas.
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The Bourbon reforms drowned the economy of the colonies by preventing intraregional trade and imposing excessive taxation.
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The dissemination of encyclopedic ideals added to the citizens' wishes for freedom and equality
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In many Spanish cities Autonomous Juntas were organized that promised to rule until the return of Fernando VII to the throne, but were dissolved by the French.
Spanish America to proclaim, on August 10, 1809, a government of its own,
not appointed by the Crown. -
The work of Miranda and his companions, as well as that of the Creole liberals, had the opportunity to manifest itself in 1810, when the government of the metropolis was forced to take refuge in Cádiz before the impetus of the Napoleonic armies
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1810: Wave of hunger - Miguel Hidalgo in the town of Dolores.
1811: Guadalajara.
1811 - 1815: First Constitution of Mexico - José María Morelos.
1812: Plan of Iguala: Agustin Iturbide proclaims himself emperor.
1833: Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic.
1839: Spain recognizes independence. -
The independence of Mexico was achieved in 1821 by the agreement between General Itúrbide and the separatists (Iguala plan). He proclaimed himself emperor (Augustine I), but was soon overthrown from power, which were fiercely disputed by Unitarians (Conservatives) and Federals (Democrats).
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1821: Guatemala's provinces
United Provinces of the Center of America.
Capital: City of Guatemala.
1824: Central American Federal Republic.
1838: José Francisco Morazán - separation.
1838 - 1840: Civil War
1841: England invaded Belize.
1904: Panama part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada. -
(Chiapas, Soconusco, El Salvador,
Honduras, Nicaragua, Los Altos, and Costa Rica) declared its independence
from the Spanish Crown (15-09-1821) and, shortly after, annexed Mexico to
defend itself better from Spain. One year later, Guatemala and its provinces
formed an independent state, -
1807: Napoleon invaded Portugal, Juan VI took refuge in Brazil
1815: Juan VI promoted a legal reform - Brazil: the territorial base of the "Empire of Brazil, Portugal and the Algarve".
1821: Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil.
1822: He proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil.
1831: He abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II.
1889: Portugal recognized its independence. -
The independence of the Spanish American states was premature. This fact explains the chaos they fell into after it was achieved.
The new South American democracies became the arena for adventurers and soldiers of fortune. Caudillismo, the great evil of this period, was nevertheless a remedy to prepare for the advent of less abnormal regimes. -
This led to a civil war (1838-
1840), in which Guatemala could not prevail. England invaded Nicaragua
but was rejected, although it remained with the enclave of Belize. -
In Argentina, despite internal struggles and defeats on the borders, the patriots had managed to stay in power. In 1816 they proclaimed the independence of the country. The following year, General José de San Martín (1778-1850)
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1868: the Scream of Lares.
The rebellion is crushed in a short time.
Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain.
Puerto Rico is still administered by EE. UU and is currently an associated free state of that country .
Consequently, it is not an independent country. -
1848: Scream of Yara.
First War of Independence called Ten Years War or Big War.
Jose Martí organizes the Cuban Revolutionary Party.
1898: The US declares war on Spain.
1899: Cuba proclaimed its independence.
