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Grand Trunk railway finished
The Grand Trunk railway was completed. Spanning from Guelph to Stratford(Ontario), it played a large roll in the economic development of Canada. -
Fraser River Gold Rush
A wave of miners from California moved to Victoria for the gold rush. -
Charlottetown Conference held
In Charlottetown, PEI, a conference was held for the representatives of the colonies of Canada. In the conference, the delegates discussed details about the confederation. -
Three colonies make the Dominion of Canada
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and what would be split into Ontario and Quebec, found the Dominion of Canada together. -
Metis establish a government
The metis creates a provisional government, led by Louis Riel -
Red River Resistance
The Red River Resistance took place November 2nd, 1869. In this event, the Metis as well as other First Nations defended the Red River colony in Manitoba from settlers from intruding onto their land. After this, many First Nations chiefs(including Louis Riel) were killed or imprisoned. This event, as well as the government's unfulfilled promises about protection of the Metis people, led to spark the North-West Rebellion later on. -
Manitoba act passed
The Manitoba act was passed, stating that the land of the Metis would be protected, but all the other land belongs to the Dominion of Canada. As well as this, it gave a guarantee for French and Roman Catholic schools -
Treaty 1 signed
The first of the numbered treaties were signed. This treaty was signed between the British crown and the Ojibwe and Swampy Cree groups. It promised to establish school systems and supply agricultural equipment for a hunting ground land in return. -
Treaty 2 signed
Treaty 2 was signed in Manitoba, taking land away from the Chippewa. -
Treaty 3 signed
Another treaty, Treaty 3, was signed. This treaty took more land away, for money given to each family in return. -
Treaty 4-6 signed
From Sept 15, 1874 to Aug 23, 1876, treaties 4-6 were signed, taking land from the First Nations peoples. -
Riots between protestants and catholics
Jubilee Riots break out between the Protestants and the Catholics in Toronto -
Indian Act introduced
The Indian Act is introduced, trying to take away first nation culture in an attempt to assimilate them into European culture -
Treaty 7 (Blackfoot treaty) concluded
Also known as Treaty 7, it was concluded between the British settlers and some Blackfoot first nation bands. It surrendered around 35,000 sq miles of land from the First Nations peoples in return for reserves and payments. -
John A Macdonald introduces the National Policy
John A Macdonald introduced the National Policy to Canada, which meant that Canada had tariffs on imported goods. It was put in place to help the Canadian manufacturers to have a better advantage over American goods -
Battle of Batoche fought
A 5 month fight against the Canadian government, the Metis and other First Nations fought in what is not Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Battle of Batoche was the decisive battle of the North-West rebellion. The rebels were eventually defeated by the government troops. Later, this led to the permanent enforcement of the law in Western Canada, and the eventual hanging of Louis Riel -
Canadian Pacific Railway finished
The Canadian Pacific Railway was finished. Spanning from British Colombia to Eastern Canada, the CPR was an important part for immigration as well as tourism. Many of the laborers used in the creation of the railway were Chinese; around 15,000 of the workers were from China, many dying in the process of creating the railway. -
Manitoba Schools Act passed
In Manitoba, the Public Schools Act was passed. Immigration from Ontario made funding for French schools disliked, which led to Manitoba passing the Manitoba Schools Act(or Public Schools Act), which merged the school systems into one English-only one. -
Electric streetcar tracks implemented
In Toronto, electric streetcar tracks were installed. -
Wilfrid Laurier elected
Wilfrid Laurier is elected prime minister of Canada -
Klondike Gold Rush begins, Yukon created
Gold was discovered near the Klondike area in Yukon, and more than 100,000 people rushed over to Canada for the opportunity. This boom led to Canada creating a new province, Yukon, which would join the confederation as well. -
Queen Victoria's diamond Jubilee celebrated
Canada celebrated Queen Victoria's 60th year on the throne in 1897. -
Treaty 8 signed
Land was taken from the Cree, Beaver, Chipewyan, and Slavey First Nations groups in the signing of this treaty. -
Alberta and Saskatchewan are created
Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces, and their borders and boundaries were set. -
Immigration act is passed
The Immigration act added restrictions to immigration. The act added onto the topic of which immigrants were allowed, as well as finalizing a deportation process. -
First powered aircraft flies
The Silver Dart flew for about a kilometer in Nova Scotia. It was the first powered (heavier than air) aircraft to fly in Canada. -
Naval Service Bill/Act introduced
The Naval Service Act established a separate navy for Canada. -
"Regulation 17" created, limiting French language teaching.
Regulation 17 was created, attempting to limit the instruction of the French language. For schools, this meant forbidding teachers to teach French after grade 2.