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Spain at the end of the 18th century was plunged into a deep structural crisis, both political and economic, as well as social. Therefore, they decided to change king; the reign of Charles IV began. -
He was the first valide of Carlos IV -
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He was replaced when Luis XVI, cousin of Carlos IV, was beheaded. -
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Manuel Godoy was a controversial figure and supporter of enlightened despotism. He first opposed relations with France, but later allied himself with Napoleon to fight against England, the common enemy. -
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The French Revolution was a social and political conflict, with several periods of violence, that convulsed France and other European nations, confronted supporters and opponents of the system known as the Ancien Régime against each other.
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The Franco-Spanish were defeated by the English. In response to the defeat, Napoleon made a continental blockade of England, but Portugal did not comply, so Napoleon wanted to conquer it.
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Godoy signed it with Napoleon, allowing the French army to enter Spain in order to conquer Portugal. However, Napoleon began to invade Spain peacefully. -
In view of the situation with the French, Fernando VII forced his father Carlos IV to abdicate, which led to Godoy's dismissal. -
In the mutiny of Aranjuez, Ferdinand VII forced his father Charles IV to abdicate.
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Napoleon, due to the abdications of Bayonne , succeeded in placing his brother José Bonaparte I on the Spanish throne.
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It was a patriotic war, against the French invader; a civil war, between liberal Spain (Frenchified, a minority supporting Joseph Bonaparte) and traditional Spain (absolutists, a majority supporting Ferdinand VII); and an international war, France against Portugal, England, Spain.....
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In the absence of a government in the nation during the war, the people organised themselves and the Supreme Central Junta arose, which assumed political power during that period of time, taking charge of the government in the unoccupied areas. They convened Cadiz Courts. -
The legislative work of Cadiz Courts lasted from 1810 to 1814, and although they were constituent Courts, they legislated on the basis of decrees in order to put an end to the Ancient Regime in Spain.
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The first Spanish Constitution. It was the 1st attempt to lay the foundations of liberalism in Spain. It defended national sovereignty, parliamentary monarchy, the Cortes, limitation of the king's power, legal equality, separation of powers, census suffrage…
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The War of Independence didn’t allow its application and Fernando VII, of absolutist ideology, abolished it in 1814.
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After several attempted uprisings, Colonel Riego came to power in 1820 and forced Fernando VII to become a liberal. During these years, known as the liberal triennium, the Constitution of 1812, liberal laws, political parties and freedom of the press were accepted.
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In 1829 Ferdinand VII married María Cristina de Borbón (his cousin), a year later he proclaimed the "Pragmática sanción", revoking the Salic law.
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The conflict between Isabel and Carlos (Fernando VII's brother) over who would inherit the throne led to the first Carlist War.
1st Carlist War -
In 1833 Fernando VII died and his reign came to an end.
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In 1833 Fernando VII died and Isabel, only three years old, inherited the throne. Due to her age, Maria Cristina took over the regency until Isabel turned 18.
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