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The king was made “Supreme Head of
the Church of England”.
Under his reign, the church of England separated from the Roman
Catholic Church (1534). This is called a schism. -
In 1537 permission was given for an English Bible and not a Latin one.
They were soon made mandatory in every church. -
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Revision of the mass-book, led to the
publication of the Book of Common Prayer
in 1549 -
Mary Tudor became the first queen of England after king Edward's death. resorted England to Catholicism
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Elizabeth I became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”
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Against religious reforms
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Plot to kill queen Elizabeth. Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group.
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Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death.
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England defeated Spain under Elizabeth I's reign. -
The two bodies theory of Elizabeth I.
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James was proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567.
He was crowned King of England in 1603 on Elizabeth’s death.
Strong believer in the divine rights of kings. -
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I.
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The first permanent settlement
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The King would receive a fixed sum
But some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money (the king would be financially independent)
The House of Commons refused to vote in favour of the Great Contract James dismissed Parliament. -
England at war with Spain and France
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11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament Whig historians called it “The Eleven Years Tyranny”
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Parliament passed the Militia Act (1641): the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament. Taking away the King’s ability to appoint whoever he wanted !
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an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates.
It summarized all the wrongdoing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands:
the right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers.
the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland.
the right for Parliament to reform the Church. -
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Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic).
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England’s first and only written constitution
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Oliver Cromwell, Lord General and Lord Protector (1653-1658) -
limited the monarch’s power for the first time
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Ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
Successor: Hanoverian descendants of James I
Key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland
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Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland
