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Coup d´etat
The audience group stagged a coup d´etat -
Armed movement
Miguel Hidalgo initiated the armed movement with Aldama and Allende. -
Grito de Dolores
The independence started when Hidalgo convocated the people to join him. -
Southern Armies
Jose Maria Morelos was named General of the Southern Armies by Hidalgo. -
Execution of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama and Abasolo.
Hidalgo, Aldama, Allende and Abasolo were taken prisioners and sent to Chihuahua to be tried and executed. -
Cadiz Constitution
Liberal Constitution against the absolutist regime and in favor of individual rights written by the Court of Cadiz. -
Feelings of the Nation
Morelos expressed his ideals in the documents "Feelings of the Nation" -
Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII returned to Spain and didn´t recognize the Constitution of Cadiz. -
Groups in Veracruz
Those groups were led by Guadalupe Victoria. -
Guerrilla War
Were commanded by Guadalupe Victoria and Vicente Guerrero. -
Royalists
New Spain royalists conspired at La Profesa -
End of Independence
The "Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire" was signed. -
Attempt of reconquest
Was the first Spanish reconquest attempt of Mexico -
Emperor of Mexico
Agustin de Iturbide forced the Congress to name him emperor but groups opposed and Mexico was settled as a republic and no as an empire. -
Two different groups
The Congress members that weree seeking the establishment of the Republic were divided into two groups with different political ideas: the Federalists and the Centralists -
Recognition of independent Mexico
The United States recognized the independence of Mexico. -
Settling in North territory
The Mexican goverment gratified the grant to colonize the territory in the north, under the condition that the settlers were catholics. -
First Federal Constitution
After much debate, the Congress passed the first federal Constitution, which statedt Mexico as a Federal Republic -
Spanish Surrender
The bombardment of Veracruz fron an army group caused severe damage, but Mexico naval forces made the Spanish surrender. -
Recognition of independent Mexico
Great Britain recognized the independence of Mexico because it had commercial interests with Mexico. -
Spanish Conspiracy
A Spanish conspiracy led by Father Arenas was discovered and he was executed along with Gregorio Arana. -
The elections for president and fraud
After the elections for president, the Congress declared Manuel Gomez Pedraza. Many people and federalists groups claimed that the real winner had been Vicente Guerrero. The uprising led by Antonio Lopez de Santanna in suport of Vicente Guerrero, scared conservatives and politicians in power. The Congress rectified Vicente Guerrero as president of the Republic. -
Second attempt of reconquest
There was a new attempt of reconquest. The attack was repulsed by the general Manuel Mier y Teran and Antonio Lopez de Santanna, and the Spanish army was defeated. -
Separation of Texas
Mexico sell Texas to the United States. -
Austin was imprisioned
Esteban Austin wrote a letter to his countrymen telling them to ignore the government and to start organizing the municipalities. His letter was intercepted and he was imprisioned. -
France blocked the port of Veracruz
The French government blocked the port of Veracruz to impede Mexico´s foreign trade, because Mexico had a debt of 600 000 pesos. -
600 000 pesos debt
Mexico´s government agreed to pay the 600 000 pesos debt. -
Annexation of Texas
Texas was annexated to the American Union. -
United States declared war on Mexico
The US declared war on Mexico, justifying its militariy incursion with the lack of compensation payment to American citizens. -
American flag
The American flag was hoisted at the National Palace. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
The war came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in wich Mexico had to cede the territories of Texas, New Mexico and Alta California. -
Constitution of 1857
The Constitution arose from the debate between liberals and conservatives during the Constitutional Convention held in February 1856 -
Reform Laws
The coservative government persecuted Juarez, so the liberal president promulgated the Reform Laws, which reaffirmed the liberal ideology and weakened the Conservatives. -
French Intervention
Spain, France and England invaded Mexico demanding the payment of the debt. -
Second Empire
Maximilian of Habsburg and his wife Charlotte landed in Veracruz and started the Second Empire. -
Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio Diaz recovered Puebla and Maximilian retreated. -
free secular education
a law was passed that established liberal principles for a free secular education. -
Maximilian´s execution
Maximilian was executed at the Cerro de las Campanas in Queretaro. -
Juarez died
Juarez died as President of the Republic. -
Porfirio Diaz became president
Porfirio Diaz took over the presidency of the Republic. -
National Bank of Mexico
National Bank of Mexico was established, but about 80% did not enjoy the economic benefits. -
Railroads
New railroads were built. -
reelection
Porfirio Diaz was reelected, but most people did not even know that there were elections. -
repressions against workers
In Sonora and Veracruz -
elections
Diaz was elected candidate again. -
revolution started
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National university
Justo Cierra promoted the creation of the national university
