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Apr 5, 1462
Russia
Ivan III
4/5/1462 – 12/27/1505
Cause of death unknown
1. Sends an expedition to the Arctic
2. Annexes the Republic of Novgorod
3. Annexes Tver
4. War with Lithuania
Grandfather of Ivan IV
A He gained much land for his country, had one of the longest reign of all Russian rulers, and made smart decisions in war. -
Jun 28, 1491
England
Henry VIII
6/28/1491-1/28/1547
Died from obesity
1. Attack on Aquitaine
2. Creates Church of England
3. Act of Supremacy
4. Act of Six Articles
Son of King Henry VII C Henry VIII is known for making decisions based on his personal desires rather than the desires of his people (Creates Church of England, Act of Supremacy). As a result, Henry VIII's England had nasty roots but a powerful impact (Attack on Aquitaine). -
Jun 18, 1516
Spain
Charles I
1516-1556
Gave up the throne for his son.
Became the holy roman emperior in 1519.
Holdings expanded to Italy, Austia, and German states.
1521 Charles comfronted Pretestant leader Martain Luther.
1555 Signed the Peace Of Augsburge.
Brother; Ferdlinand Son; Phillip II.
A, because he became the H.R.E, expanded his empire many times, and signed the Peace Of Augsburge. -
Jan 17, 1537
England
Edward VI
10/12/1537-7/6/1553
Dies from illness
1. Protestantism is established for the first time in England
2. Council of Regency
3. Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
4. Fall of Somerset
Only legitimate son of Henry VIII
C. Although there were economic issues during his reign, he did make a positive impact with his establishment of Protestantism in England. -
Jan 16, 1547
Russia
Ivan IV
1/16/1547 – 3/28/1584
Dies from stroke
1. Made reforms—general council, include merchants, lower-level nobles
2. Promoted military officers on merit; draws up legal code, expands borders & trade
3. Police investigate, punish opposition
4. Seized land from 12,000 boyars
Grandson of Ivan III
C. He made reforms and expanded trade, but did not treat his people very well. -
Jul 19, 1553
England
Mary I
7/19/1553-11/17/1558
Died of illness
1. Abolished Edward's religious laws
2. Heresy Acts revived
3. Marian Persecutions
4. Re-established Roman Catholicism in England
Daughter of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII
F. Mary I was very selfish and violent, especially when it came to religion. A ruler should rule with their people in Mind. -
Jan 16, 1556
Spain
Phillip II
1556-1598
1598-Death
1550-1560 Spanish Golden age of artistic achievement.
Married Queen Mary I of Endland.
Dutch Revolt
Sent spanish armada to invade england.
Married Queen Mary I of England, Father; Charles I.
C, because of the war with england, the dutch revolt and he was and absolute monarch. -
Nov 17, 1558
England
Elizabeth I
11/17/1558 – 3/24/1603
Died after becoming depressed.
1. Return to Anglican Church
2. Declined pressure to marry knowing marriage would limit her freedom
3. Good relationship with Parliament- willing to let members speak minds without fear of punishment
4. Supported Henry IV of France
Daughter of King Henry VIII
A. She made smart decisions (Declined pressure to marry) and was kind and considerate to Parliament and her people. She ruled with her people in mind. -
Jul 24, 1567
England
James I
7/24/1567 – 3/27/1625
1. First of Stuart's dynasty to rule in England
2. Witch hunts
3. Popish Recusants Act
4. Publishes King James Bible
Great-great grandson of Henry VII
D. He encouraged a lot of violence during his rule. He forced his citizens to follow his ways instead of convincing them logically (Popish Recusants Act). He did publish the King James Bible, which was a positive event. -
France
Henry IV
1589-1610
Assassanated in 1610
drain swamps to create productive crop lands.
Created the Collège Royal Henri-le-Grand in La Flèche.
He had a 1200 m canal built in the park at the royal Château at Fontainebleau and ordered the planting of pines, elms, and fruit trees.
Protected forests from further devastation.
Built Place Royale.
Father; Antoine de Bourbon Mother; Jeanne III of Navarre
A, because he improved paris and protected the wildlife. -
Spain
Phillip III
1598-1621
1621-Death
Supported H.R.E in the 30 years war.
1607 debts caused a 12 year truce with the netherlands.
about 275,000 moriscos were expelled.
1598-1560 country was ravaged by a plauge.
Father; Phillip II of Spain. Mother; Anna of Austria
D, Because he caused major debts in spain, he expelled about 275,000 moriscos, and his country was ravaged by a plauge. -
France
Louis XIII
1610-1643
1643-Death
Appointed Cardinal Richelieu to be his chief minister.
Promoted protestants abroad to stop the Habsburg domination of Europe.
Signed the Treaty of Montpellier to end the rebellion at Montpellier.
1627, used situation at La Rochelle to signal resisting monarchy carried risks.
Father;Henry IV of France Mother;Marie de' Medici.
C, because he promoted protestism, and he stopped the rebellion at Montpellier. -
Russia
Michael I
2/21/1613 – 7/12/1645
Cause of death unknown
1. Peace of Stolbovo
2. Truce of Deulino
3. Father returned from exile and basically controlled the government until 1633
4. Battle of Smolensk
Kin of Ivan’s 1st wife
B. While life was good under his reign, his father deserves much of the credit because his (Father returned from exile and basically controlled the government until 1633). -
Central Europe HRE
Ferdinand II
8/28/1619 – 2/15/1637
Died from natural causes
1. Shuts down 2 Protestant churches in Prague
2. Nobles from 2 German states rebelled against emperor; others joined them
3. Peace of Prague
4. Reduced power of the H.R.E. & Strengthened states Leaders
Son of Charles II of Austria
C. I do not think it was right of him to shut down two Protestant churches, and he didn't make much of an impact. -
Spain
Phillip IV
1621-1640
1640-Death
Captured Breda from the dutch.
rebelions of Catalonia and Portugal.
thirty years war.
treaty of Pyrenees.
Father; Phillip III. Mother; Margaret of Austria.
C, Because he signed the treaty of Pyrenees, and took back Breda from the dutch. -
England
Charles I
3/27/1625 – 1/30/1649
Beheaded
1. Reconvened Parliament to ask for more money
2. Radical Puritan group in Parliament moved to abolish bishops in Anglican Church
3. Led troops into House of Commons to arrest Puritan leaders for treason
4. English Civil War
Son of James I of England
D. His rule consitsed of violence and religious conflicts. -
Hohenzollerns
Frederick William (TGE)
1640-1688
1688-Death
Battle of Warsaw.
raised an army of 40,000 soldiers.
Edict of Potsdam.
Great Sleigh Drive in 1678.
Father; George William Mother; Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
A, because he won the battle of Warsaw, he raised an army of 40,000 soldiers, the Great Sleigh Drive, and the Edict of potsdam. -
France
Louis XIV
1643-1701
1701-Death
Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg and the War of the Spanish Succession.
The War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions.
Louis chose Jean-Baptiste Colbert as Contrôleur général des Finances in 1665.
Father;Louis XIII of France Mother;Anne of Austria
B, because his choice of putting Colbert incharge of the finances he got france out of debt. -
England
William III & II and Mary II
11/4/1650 – 3/8/1702
Mary died from smallpox in 1694, WIlliam died from pneumonia in 1702
1. Signed English Bill of Rights before taking throne
2. Glorious Revolution
3. Prevented levying taxes without Parliament
4. England rejected absolute monarchy for monarchy ruled by law
WIlliam- nephew of Charles II, grandson of Charles I, son of Mary
Mary- daughter of James VII
A. They had their people in mind when ruling (Bill of RIghts, rejected absolute monarchy) -
England
Oliver Cromwell
12/25/1653 – 9/3/1658
Died from malaria
1. Clamped down on social life, closed theaters, limited entertainment
2. Foreign Issues, military expeditions to Scotland, Ireland
3. Economic policies led to war with Dutch over trade; also warred on Spain
4. Thomas Hobbes, a Royalist who fled during Cromwell’s rule, wrote Leviathan
None of note
C. There seemed to be strain during his rule. Many people were unhappy. He did make advancements in military. -
England
Charles II
5/29/1660 – 2/6/1685
Died four days after a sudden apoplectic fit
1. Clarendon Code
2. Great Plague and Great Fire
3. Sold Dunkirk to King Louis XIV of France
4. Conflict with Parliament
Son of Charles I of England, first cousin of King Louis XIV of France
C. There was conflict during his rule but he had the guts to make some decisions. -
Spain
Charles II
1665-1700
1700-Death
last of the hapsburgs to reign in spain.
death led to war of spanish succession.
Major decline in Spain's power.
created Junta Magna (Great Council).
Father;Philip IV of Spain Mother; Mariana of Austria
D, Because his death led to the spanish succession, and he caused spain to lose a lot of power in the world. -
Russia
Peter I
5/7/1682 – 2/8/1725
Died from bladder issues
1. Storms Azov
2. Journeyed to western Europe, realized Russia needed to modernize
3. Brings church under state control
4. Fights Sweden to acquire warm-water port
Was the 14th child of Czar Alexis by his second wife, Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina.
A. He brought much control to his country during his reign. -
Hohenzollerns
Frederick I
1688-1713
1713-Death
crowned himself in 1701.
Founded Academy of Sciences in 1700.
The Plauge.
When he crowned himself the emperors control was only nominal.
Father; Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg Mother; Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau.
C, because he didn't actually gain the throne, he just crowned himself but he also founded the Academy of Sciences in 1700. -
Hohenzollerns
Frederick William I
1688-1740
1740-Death
Intervened in the Great Northern War.
The manual of Regulations for State Officials.
Replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax.
Established primary schools.
Father; Frederick I Mother; Sophia Charlotte of Hanover.
B, because he The manual of Regulations for State Officials.
Replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax. Established primary schools. -
Spain
Phillip V
1700-1724
1724-Death
abdicated in favor of his son.
War of Spainish Succession.
Made Duke of Anjou when he was born.
Named the successor of King Charles II in 1700.
Abdicatated the throne to his eldest son on January 14 1724.
Second grandson of Louis, Father;Louis, Dauphin of France Mother;Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria.
B, Because he was one of the only leaders to actually give up his leadership to someone else rather than hold it till death. -
France
Louis XV
1715-1774
1774-Death
Treaty of Vienna.
War of the Austrian Succession.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
Seven Years' War
Father;Louis, Dauphin of France Mother;Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
C, because he waged two wars but also signed two treaties and restored the peace. -
Central Europe HRE
Maria Theresa
10/20/1740 – 11/29/1780
Suffered from several illnesses leading to her death.
1. War of Austrian Succession
2. Spain, France, two German states enter war on Prussia’s side (Want Lands)
3. Maria Theresa asks for peace
4. Prussia keeps Silesia, puts Prussia in position of real power
Daughter of Charles IV
A She was strong enough to fight two wars. She cared about her people enough to ask for peace. -
Russia
Catherine II
7/9/1762 – 11/17/1796
Died from a stroke
1. Reformed legal, education systems (promoted science, the arts)
2. Removed trade Restrictions
3. Won war in Poland (took control of half of Poland)
4. Strengthened monarchy in rural areas
Wife of grandson of Peter (Peter III)
A. Catherine improved trade, education, boundaries, foreign affairs, and the monarchy. Her reign was very beneficial to Russia, with little downfalls. -
France
Louis XVI
1774-1792
1792-Death
Edict of Versailles.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789.
Secretly send supplies, ammunition and guns to the american colonists.
Treaty of Alliance.
Father;Louis, Dauphin of France Mother;Maria Josepha of Saxony
A, because he created the Edict of Versailles, along with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of, he also supplied the stuggling americans in their revolution.
