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Aug 23, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
This massacre was when there was a targeted group of assasinations and when the Cathoics had a wave of violence on the Huguenots. It has been said that this massacre was intigated by Catherine de' Medici. She was the mother of King Charles IX. This lead to a major international crisis. Protestant contries were horrified and Cathrine almost had lost her policy with them. -
Dec 13, 1577
Circumnavigating the Globe
Sir Francis Drake sets sail from Plymouth to start his jouney of circumnavigating the world. He returned to Britain only three years later in January of 1580. Though he wasn't the first to do it, Sir Francis Drake's travels led to a near solid plath from Europe, around South America, to North America, around Africa, and finally, back to Europe again. His travels encouraged others to do the same for many things like trade. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Lord Charles Howard, alongside Sir Francis Drake, took on the Spanish Armada that had been terrorizing the coast of France, taking it out in a mere eight hours. Ending the terror of the Spanish led to France being free from their "rule," and allowed France to be a country later on and stuff of the like with helping with the wars France was in. -
Thirty Years' War
One of the most destructive wars in Central Europe in history, the Thirty Years' War was a series of battles amoung France, Holy Roman Empire, Spain, United Kingdom, Ottoman Empire, Hungary, Dutch Republic, Croatia, Catholic League, Kingdom of Bohemia, Transylvania, Spanish Empire, Electorate of Saxony, Swedeish Empire, Hapsburg Spain, Kingdom of England, Denmark-Norway, Archduchy of Austria, Zaporozhian Cossacks, and Kingdom of Scotland. This led to many other battles that killed the world. -
Long Parliament
After abolished by Charles I, the parliament found a way to meet in secret for over 17 years. After 11 years of being nonexsistent, the Long Parliament met and gained enough power or say to start a Civil War. The Civil War ended with Charles I's capture and trial. He was executed in 1649. Because of the Long Parliament, England was able to go back to a sort of monarchy that they still have today. They participated in many wars too because the king or queen collaborated with the parliament. -
Glorious Revolution
James II of England heard plans of the parliament to overthrow him, and fled. William III of Orange and his wife, Mary, take over the throne after James II disappeared. It was called the Glorious Revolution because there was absolutely no bloodshed. And while this changed the government to a Limited Monarchy which meant the king and/or queen holds some power, but not all. This is the government England has today. This also helped create the English Bill of Rights. -
Parliment Declare James' Flight Abdication
James II was afraid that he was going to be killed while he was king. This had caused him to flee and the parliment declared that this meant he had abdicated the crown. This was what lead to the Glorious Revolution because it was peaceful. This also lead to William of Orange and Mary becoming the monarchs. -
English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights had been proposed and declared at the end of the Glorious Revolution. This had been proposed by the members of the House of Commons. This bill would help insure order and peace within their country. This bill is still referred to this day. It is a great referense when problems arise. -
The Essay by John Locke
John Locke had wrings called the Essay and it included four books. The fourth book is where he states his ideas on people, knowledge, and government. He had believed that all people are naturally good and that the Government was corrupting society. He also believeed that every person had natural rights. These beliefs had lead to Jean Jaques Roussean's beliefs. That was when people had started to listen to those beliefs. -
Voltaire was Exiled
Voltaire had some different ideas for his time. He believed that the government should have three branches of government and not be solely ruled by a king. He had written many writings about this idea. This idea is what caused him to exiled. His ideas though had inspired parliment later on because that is what they used when they were creating a new government. -
Russia's Capital Change
Peter the Great ruled with his brother, Ivan IV, gaining complete power when Ivan died in 1696. He moved the capital of Russia from Moscow, to St. Petersburg in 1712 in an attempt to westernize Russia to make it more like the western European countries. Peter was unsuccessful westernizing all of Russia, but did in fact make it to the city of St. Petersburg with his reign. This didn't lead to much, but let Russia be more like the rest of the world. -
Women's Rights
Mary Wollstonecraft began her fight for rights of the women of the population around 1792, writing the book, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In the book, it speaks of how Mary wished for women to get education like the men of the population. This book led to women to be more thoughtful of themselves, and may have even been inspiration for women's rights in America too.
