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(1520-1530) marked end of Renaissance by breaking down the principles of balance, harmony, and moderation.
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Religious desputre.
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(1556- 1598) King Philip ll in reign starting in 1556 up to 1558 durig the time Spain saw itself as a nation of individuals chosen by God to save Catholic Christianity from the Protestant heretics.
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Main conflict of religious and political conflicts in Europe.
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(1562-1598) The French Wars of Religion was the main religious conflict. The kings persecues Protestants, but the persecution would not stop the spread of Protestantism religion!
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Came to throne as Protestant and in order to be excepted in Catholic France he had to convert to Catholicisim. Crowned in 1594 and then the fighting in France had stoped.
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Catholicisim official religion of France. Gave the Huguenots right to worship and enjoy all political privileges.
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inflation (rising of prices), Spains economy growth depended on imported silver which failed in 1640, mines produced less silver , fleets subject to pirate attack , loss Muslim and jewish artisans and merchants hurt the economy.
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First war between Catholic forces, ld by Hapsburg Holy Roman emperors and Protestant nobles in Bohemia.
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The Peace of Westphalia ended war in Germany!
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started to end, it is magic part of traditional village culture for centuries. more than a hundred thousand people charged with witchcraft.
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Return of the monarchy, England's trouble seemed at end.
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Cardinal Richelieu strengthened the monarchy's power.
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Louis XIV took over supreme power.
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Granted Puritans, not Catholics right of free public worship.
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Parliament offered throne to William and Marry. The Bill of Rights Parliament's right to make laws and to levy taxes.
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Artists tried to bring together classical ideals of Renaissance art and spiritual feelings .
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William Shakespeare, and Miguel de Cervantes his novel Don Quixote, one of the greatest literary works of all time.