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James 1
Ruled England, Ireland, and Scotland for 22 years. He was a talented scholar. He was also called "the wisest fool in Christendom." He didn't make a good impression on people, especially when he tried to introduce the Divine Right of Kings. He died at the age of 58 in 1625.
James. -
Charles 1
Charles.He was born on November 19th, 1600. He ruled England, Ireland and Scotland. Believed in the Divine Right of Kings. He liked lots of money, and was always looking for money. (like me!) He died on January 30, 1649. -
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The Long Parliament
Charles had withdrawed the English people on religious and political grounds. He got humiliated by the Scots, because he tried to force them to worship what he believes the correct way is. He asked the parliament for money to pay the soldiers, but didn't have any luck. The Long Parliament was very unfriendly to Charles. He gave in to the long parliament and turned Laud and Strafford in. The Magna Carta created a lot of problems about the king's right up in the air. -
The Triumph of the Parliament
Not many people agreed with the decision of the Rump Parliament. The people of England couldn't be represented with only 60 members. The Roundhead army supported the Rump. Whoever refused to support the commonwealth was attacked. Oliver Cromwell was a master soldier, and his army won 2 major battles. All catholic landowners in the north of Ireland had to leave their lands, and settle in the western and southern parts of Ireland. The English and Scottish Protestants took the northern part. -
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Civil War
civil war.People fought each other, obviously, Most of Charles 's supporters who were called "Royalists" or "Cavaliers" came from noble families and were used to fighting and riding. Charles won many battles at first, but didn 't result in victory. Oliver Cromwell, was the leader of "New Model Army.' New soldiers called "Roundheads" were very diciplined, and well prepared for anything basically. Charles was forced to leave, and was made prisoner. -
The Rump Parliament
rump parliament.
Many of the members of the parliament who had voted against the Grand Remonstrance left parliament to defend the king. The Puritans wanted the churches to be completely independent, but the Presbyterians wanted churches to be an organized place , so people worship the same way. The Presbyterians didn't mind Charles's return, he just had to agree to condiotions, but he was deceptive. Then he got put on trial. -
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The Trial of the King
Charles tried to overthrow himself, and was put in trial for treason. On the day of his execution, he wore the finest clothes he owned, he wanted to die with dignity. -
The Fight With Parliament
Charles searched for ways to rule without parliament. He got people to pay "ship money" once again. He used the money mostly for himself. He used the Court of Star Chamber secretly. He needed money, and desperately asked the parliament. He had to sign the "Petition of Right" in order to for money, but he refused. He got his advisors to control the country. They weren't liked that much. They got money in cunning ways. The Puritans were protesteing, then attacked and it was a mess. -
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The Lord Protector/Restoration
Oliver CromwellSince the Rump Parliament wasn't very successful, Cromwell became the dictator of England. He was named Lord Protector. All celebrations were banned and Cromwell's rules were very unpopular, but he didn't change them. He failed at becoming a dictator and died in 1658. The republican experiment was over, because Cromwell's son resigned since he couldn't take on his father's place. Charles 11 was king after that and wanted the power his father lost. England could enjoy the entertainment thanks to -
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Restoration
the Bluelaws. Members of the Rump Parliament were brutally killed as a warning to others. Charles 11 didn't allow catholics to do certain things. His brother, was also a catholic. When he died in 1685 his brother James 11 became king. -
The Glorious Revolution
Since James 11 was catholic that created problems for the parliament. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings. He wanted to put catholics at the highest position. He lost all his supporters. In 1688, Mary (James's daughter) and her husband were invited by the parliament to be King & Queen. James left England and the parliament chose the monarch for the first time and instead of the Divine Rights of Kings, they followed the new terms of Bill of Rights.
