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Danelaw
defeated Danes, restorate London, established a Court School
(871) -
1016: Danes reinvaded and controlled most of England. Chosen by the Witan. King of England, Denmark, Norwegians and some of the swedes.
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more interested in the church than in kingship
vow of chastity, although married with Edith Godwinson -
Edward's brother-in-law
strong leader with great military and diplomatic ability
his brother Tostig began a revolt -
ruled Normandy as well as England
tried to disturb anglo-saxon institutions as little as possible
also held land in France -
victorious general and wise ruler whose character was complex
possibly homosexual
died childless -
acted quickly and take the crown
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chosen instead of Matilda (only few nobles chose her)
she invaded England (civil war) -
first of the Plantagenet kings
agreement between Matilda and stephen
Richard and John were against him -
"The Absent King"
freed his mother from prison
brave, good soldier but of french culture, perfect feudal king -
unpopular because he was greedy
impose high taxes so the barons rebelled
forced to grant a charter, Magna Carta -
only 9, he could not rule alone until he was 25
he favoured his french supporters and became involved in expensive wars -
brought together the first real parliament
was the first king to create a representative institution
House of Lords/House of Commons -
declared war on France (Hundred Years War)
son of Elizabeth who was the surviving daugther of the french king
was considered by many worthy to inherit the throne -
hated by his nobles
sent his uncle John of Gaunt to prison
was forced to abdicate and was starved to death -
lived a 14 years long pacific reign
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when he was about to become the king og England and France, he died
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become king as a baby
civilised gentleman, cultured, but mentally ill
terrible advisors: House of Lancaster -
put Henry VI into the tower of London
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is a child
imprisoned with his brother into the Tower of London
later disappeared -
unpopular
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Henry VI's welsh half brother
defeated Richard III and married Elizabeth, Edward IV's daughter
his aim was to make the crown financially independent -
he wanted to become an important influence and wasted much of his father's fortune to do so
changed sides according to the ally that most benefited him -
9 years old, ruled by a council
instructed in the new faith (Protestant) -
Protestants put her on the throne in an attempt yo stop Mary
was an innocent 16 years old puppet during nine days -
married Phillip II of Spain
"turn or burn" - 300 were burnt during her reign
died childless -
Mary's half sister
established "a middle way" in religious matters
more catholic than protestant -
sucessful as king of Scotland. He believed in Absolutism
clever, well educated, good ruler: catholic and protestanst nobles under royal control. Always quarrelling with Parliament -
found himself quarrelling even more bitterly with the commons
surprised everyone by being able to rule sucessfully without Parliament. "Seven Years of Tyranny" -
created a government far more severe
disagreement between the army and Parliament's dissolution
1653: He governed alone ("Lord Protector") -
quickly realised that he had not his father's genius and retired to his farm
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sympathies towards the Catholic Church
strong belief in absolutism -
tried to remove the laws which stopped Catholics from taking positions in government and Parliament
tried to bring back the Catholic Church -
married to William III
they had to accept the Bill of Rights if they wanted to govern together -
he wanted to protect Protestant rights
married to Mary II
they had to accept the Bill of Rights if they wanted to govern together -
had 16 children, all died
1701, Act of Settlement: only a Protestant can be a king -
german king
First Prime Minister: Robert Walpole
power of the king was restricted and anti-Catholic -
did not want to continue the expensive war (7 years war)
wished to choose his own ministers and play a more active part in governig Britain -
grandmother of Europe, restored crown popularity, longest reign, most celebrated monarch (shared the values and morality of the middle class)