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Parliament.
The Parliament is England’s version of Congress. The members were called Puritans. The Puritans were hoping that King James I would reform the English Church of Catholic practices, but instead he didn’t. He did however agree to a new translation of the Bible.
https://www.parlament.gv.at/ENGL/PERK/PARL/WAS/ -
Elizabeth I's Death.
Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603. When she died, her successor had to deal with the large debt she left him. The debt was caused by the treasury not having enough money to pay the Queen’s expenses.
http://www.elizabethi.org/contents/death/ -
James I
James I was Elizabeth I’s only close relative she had. James was the king of Scotland around the time she died so he became the king of England as well because Elizabeth had no child to reign as king or queen. James now had to deal with all of Elizabeth’s unsolved problems.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-I-king-of-England-and-Scotland -
Charles I
Charles I was the son of King James I. So when James died in 1625, Charles I took over. Since Charles was at war with Spain and France, he always needed money. The Parliament would often refuse to fund him, but he then broke the Parliament.
https://www.royal.uk/charles-i-r-1625-1649 -
Petition of Rights.
The Petition of Rights was a document that King Charles I had to sign in order for the Parliament to grant him any more money. He agreed to four major points in this document. After he had agreed to it, he then ignored it completely. In 1629 he broke the Parliament once again. So for him to get money, he had imposed all kinds of fines to the English people.
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/petition-right.html -
Autumn of 1641 Laws.
In Autumn of 1641, Parliament had passed a law that limited royal powers. Charles I was furious. Charles then tried to arrest Parliament leaders in January of 1642 but they had escaped. An equal amount of furious Londoners had raged to the outside of the palace. Charles then left London to go to northern England, where people were nice to him. -
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English Civil War.
From 1642-1649, all of Charles’ supporters and opponents fought in the English Civil War. The people who were loyal to Charles were called Royalists or Cavaliers. The Puritan supporters of Parliament were called Roundheads because their hair covered their ears.
http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-civil-wars -
Oliver Cromwell.
In 1644, the Puritans had found a general that could win the war, Oliver Cromwell. In 1645 is when Cromwell’s army, New Model Army, began defeating the Cavaliers making the Puritans start winning. In 1647, Cromwell’s army held King Charles prisoner. Cromwell and the Puritans brought Charles I to treason against the Parliament in 1649 where he was found guilty and sentenced to death.
http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/oliver-cromwell -
Oliver Cromwell Rules England.
Oliver Cromwell started ruling England in 1649. During his rule, he ended the monarchy and House of Lords. He also established a commonwealth, which is a republican form of government.
http://historylearning.com/stuart-england/cromwell-england/ -
Charles I Executed.
Charles I was executed in 1649 by Oliver Cromwell and the Puritans. He was first brought to trial for treason and when he was found guilty, he was sentenced to death.
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/charlesI.htm -
Charles II
Charles II came into London in 1660. While he was king, Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom called, Habeas Corpus. Since Charles II had no child, the Parliament would now decide who would take the throne once he died. When Charles II died in 1658, James II took over. The time Charles II was King, was called the Restoration.
http://www.biography.com/people/charles-ii-of-england-39462 -
England Becoming a Constitutional Monarchy.
England was considered a Constitutional Monarchy at this point in time. A Constitutional Monarchy is where the laws limited the ruler’s power. -
Habeas Corpus Law.
Habeas Corpus was an important guarantee of freedom passed by Parliament in 1679. Because of this new law, the monarchy could no longer put a person in jail for simply disobeying them.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/habeas_corpus -
James II
James II became king in 1658 when Charles II died. James was a Catholic. His older daughter Mary was a Protestant and married to William of Orange, the prince of the Netherlands. Seven Parliament members asked Mary and William to come to England to overthrow King James II for the sake of the Protestants. James II fled to France when Prince William led his army to London in 1688. This overthrow is called the Glorious Revolution.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-II-king-of-Great-Britain -
Glorious Revolution.
The Glorious Revolution was in 1688 when Prince William of the Netherlands, led his army to London to overthrow King James II.
https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-glorious-revolution-of-1688/ -
William and Mary.
William of Orange, Prince of Netherlands, and Mary, King James II’s daughter, were both married and Protestant. English Parliament members had asked if William could overthrow King James II for the sake of Protestantism. So in 1688, William led his army to London to overthrow King James II but James had fled to France.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/william_iii_of_orange -
English Bill of Rights.
The English Bill of Rights was established in 1689 when William and Mary became King and Queen of England. This document was created by the Parliament and consisted many thing that the rulers could not do. One of them was: No suspending of Parliament’s laws.
http://www.losal.org/cms/lib7/CA01000497/Centricity/Domain/340/English%20Bill%20of%20Rights%201689_American%20Bill%20of%20Rights_Compared.pdf
