Early modern period

By oumou.kote
  • Period: 1509 to 1547

    The reign of Henry VIII

  • 1517

    the start of the European Reformation

    Martin Luther, a Protestant, wrote the famous text that marks the start of the European Reformation: The Ninety-Five Theses. He wanted to denounce the indulgences sold by the Pope in Catholic Churches.
  • 1526

    the Tyndale Bible was published

    In England, the Tyndale Bible was published. It is the New Testament that William Tyndale translated into English.
  • 1534

    Act of Supremacy

    The Act of Supremacy lead to the foundation of the Anglican Church and the king Henry VIIII was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England”.
  • 1534

    The schism

    The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church, under Henry VIII reign.
  • Period: 1534 to

    Early modern period

  • Period: 1536 to 1537

    The « Pilgrimage of Grace »

    Rebellions against the religious changes made by Henry VIII in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire.
  • Period: 1547 to 1553

    The reign of Edward VI

    He was only 9 when his father died and took his place as a king. He died when he was 15 from tuberculosis.
  • 1549

    The Book of Common Prayer

    Revision of the mass-book under Edward VI reign.
  • Period: 1553 to 1558

    The reign of Mary I

    Also named « Bloody Mary », she was 37 years old when she took the place of her brother and restored Catholicism in 18 months.
  • Period: 1555 to 1558

    « Bloody Mary »

    Under Mary’s reign, over 200 Protestants went to the stake.
  • Period: 1558 to

    The reign of Elizabeth

  • Period: 1559 to 1563

    New legislation by Elizabeth I

    The Act of Supremacy (1559) : Church organisation
    • abolished the authority of the Pope
    • restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
    • She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. The Act of Uniformity (1559): Religious belief
    • every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
    • people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. The 39 articles of faith (1563-1571): Doctrine
    • stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
  • 1569

    The Northern Rebellion

    Rebellion by Catholic against religious reforms of the Queen Elizabeth I.
  • 1570

    The papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”

    With this text the Pope Pius V excommunicates the queen Elizabeth I.

  • The execution of Mary Queen of Scots

    She was the cousin of Elizabeth and was executed because of complicity against queen Elizabeth.

  • The defeat of the Spanish Armada

    Thanks to a material and human advantage, England won against the attempt of invasion of Spain in England.
  • Period: to

    The reign of James I of England and VI of Scotland

    James I was proclaimed King of England in 1603 on Elizabeth’s death and proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567. He is the son of Mary Queen of Scotland who had been executed by Elizabeth. He followed the Elizabethan status during his reign.

  • Gunpowder Plot

    A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill King James I of England and VI of Scotland as he followed the Elizabethan status.

  • Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia

    It is the first permanent settlement and it is named after James I.
  • Period: to

    The Starving Time

    Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived in Jamestown.
  • Period: to

    The reign of King Charles I

    He firmly believed in the divine right of Kings and favored a minority wing of Anglicans : the Arminians.

  • The Petition of Rights

    The MPs requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial. They wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his
    powers
  • Period: to

    The Personal Rule

    11 years where King Charles I ruled without calling a parliament after the MPs passed the Tree Resolutions in 1629 declaring that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom
    • as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent.

  • The Bishops Wars in Scotland

    After the introduction of a New Payer Book (Book of Common Prayer) Scotland is set aflame, the riot in St Giles's Cathedral Edinburgh turned into a widespread rebellion.

  • The Long Parliament

    A parliament which lasted until 1660 as Charles I had to call parliament again after the Short Parliament.

  • The Short Parliament

    A parliament dissolved after only 3 weeks as Charles I needed money to fight the Scots but the MPs demanded the King to address their grievances first.

  • The Grand Remonstrance of 1641

    an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates. It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands. It divided the Parliament into 2 groups : the Parliamentarians and the Royalists.

  • The Militia Act

    Passed by the parliament : the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament which take away the King’s ability to appoint whoever he wanted.
  • Period: to

    The English Civil war

  • Period: to

    The Civil Wars

  • Charles I formally declares war on Parliament

  • Pride’s Purge

    Colonel Pride (Army) entered the House of Commons, stopped the vote and arrested the 45 conservative leader MPs. The remainder MPs put the King on trial for high treason.

  • King Charles I is executed

  • England become a Commonwealth

    Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic).
  • Period: to

    The Interregnum

  • Period: to

    The Commonwealth

  • Period: to

    The reign of Charles II

    He is proclaimed King of Scotland after his father’s execution. He raised a Scottish Army to invade England but Cromwell defeated the Scots Army in 1650 and crushed the uprising of the Scots Royalist force led by Charles II in 1651. He escaped then came back after Cromwell died by issuing the Declaration of Brada after the Protectorate which worked. King restored and he became one.

  • The Instrument of Government

    England’s first and only written constitution.
  • Period: to

    The Protectorate

    The Protectorate started after the end of the Commonwealth and ended after Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda.

  • The end of the Commonwealth and the start of the Protectorate

  • The Declaration of Breda

    Charles II issued it which promised a general amnesty, to continue relions toleration, to share power with Parliament in return for the restoration of monarchy.

  • The restoration of monarchy

  • Period: to

    The reign of James II

  • The Glorious Revolution

    Parliament invited the William of Orange ( the King son’s in law) to invade England and seize the crown. He landed with an army of 15 000 men and met no resistanceJames’ army disintegrated, officers deserted. Then, James II fled to France and William became King William III.
  • Period: to

    The reign of William III

  • The Bills of Rights

    The Bills of Rights lists King James’ misdeeds, fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers, set out the rights of Parliament, set out basic civil rights and it a key political text.

  • Act of Union between England and Scotland

    Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

  • The « First British Empire »

    In the 16th century, Britain began to establish overseas colonies. By 1783, Britain had built a large empire with colonies in America and the West Indies.

  • Acte d’Union de 1801

    Union du royaume de Grande-Bretagne et le royaume d’Irlande, créant le Royaume Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande