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King Philip II, Son of Charles V, king of Spain and biggest supporter of militant Catholicism. Focused on uniting his father’s lands in Spain, Netherlands Italy, America, and regaining lands in Muslim areas
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Elizabeth 1, “Virgin Queen” took over after her 1/2 sister “Bloody Mary” in 1558. Set up the foundation for Eng. to become a world empire.
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Inquisition ideas spread to search for those doing witchcraft. More than 100,000 were accused of witchcraft in the 16th and 17th Century. Primarily single, old, poor women,and got typical torture until they confess procedures were used.
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Peace of Augsburg didn’t settle religious disputes in 1555. Religion, politics, and grab at territory were all behind the war. Originally was Catholic from the Holy Roman Empire vs. Protestant nobles from Bohemia.
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Civil war eventually broke out between the 2 sides. King’s supporters were cavaliers. Abolished the House of Lords and declared England a Commonwealth that is run by the people.
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Many revolutions rocked Europe the most famous is the England Revolution. Tried to answer what role Parliament and the King played in government.
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Believed in Divine Right of Kings (divine right) idea his power to rule was from God and was only responsible to God.
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Civil war eventually broke out between the 2 sides the king’s supporters were Cavaliers, and Parliament’s supporters were Roundheads
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Cromwell dies and one of his leading generals realizes they need to restore the monarchy. Parliament was worried about his Catholic connection mother and brother wanted him to convert.
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A group of Englands nobles get Dutch leader William III to invade England.
