-
-
José de San Martín was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.
-
He was a South American revolutionary leader and first Chilean head of state (1817 – 23). He studied with Martin.
-
Simon Bolivar (1783-1830) was born in Caracas, Venezuela. His parents died when he was a child and he inherited a fortune. As a young man, he traveled in Europe. Video
-
The priest Miguel Hidalgo starts a rebellion against the viceroy of New Spain.
-
Argentina declared independence and began its revolt from Napoleonic Spain. A major helper of this was Martin.
-
Paraguay declared its independence after overthrowing the local Spanish administration on May 14, 1811.
-
SourceA congress led by Bolivar and Miranda declares the independence of Venezuela.
-
Bolivar is proclaimed dictator of Venezuela.
-
Source Simon Bolivar returned to Angostura and became the first president of the original republic of Colombia (now Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela).
-
Guatemala declares its independence from Spain.
-
Simon Bolivar marched into Educador and added that territory to the new Colombian republic.
-
General Jose de San Martin captures Lima from Spanish and proclaims Peru independent.
-
Pedro I begins to rule Brazil, and it is the beginnning of a monarchy there.
-
Central America declares independence and forms United Provinces of Central America.
-
Simon Bolivar led the revolutionary forces of Peru in their fight for independence and won a victory over the Spaniards at Auacucho. Source
-
Peru is last colony in Latin America to gain independence from Spain.
-
Brazil enacts a constitution.
-
Portugal recognizes the independence of Brazil.
-
Upper Peru became a separate state, named Bolivia in Simon Bolivar's honor.
-
There are ten independent countries in Latin America: Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Haiti, Paraguay, La Plata, Brazil, and the population of Latin America is about 20 million
-
The Chilean Civil War is an armed conflict between conservative and liberal forces in Chile over the constitutional regime in force.
-
Chile defeats Peru and Bolivia, forces the dissolution of the union between the two countries, ends the career of Bolivia's dictator Santa Cruz and allows Agust�n Gamarra to seize power in Peru.
-
Texas is annexed by the USA.
-
The USA recognizes Haiti's independence.
-
Brazil provides about half of the coffee traded in the world.
-
Source Porfirio Díaz's reign as dictator of Mexico begins. It ends in 1910.
-
Video The civil war in Colombia kills 80,000 people.
-
Colombia enacts a new constitution drafted by president Rafael Nunez, that proclaims a unitarian Republic of Colombia instead of the previous federalist United States of Colombia (one of the longest lasting constitutions in the world).
-
Monarchy overthrown, federal republic established with central government controlled by coffee interests. Brazil produces 65% of world's coffee by 1902.
-
A Federal republic is established in Brazil with a central government controlled by coffee investment.
-
Brazil proclaims a new constitution as a federal republic ("Old Republic") and Deodoro de Fonseca is elected first president.
-
Cuba becomes a republic and Tomas Estrada Palma is elected president.
-
Source Porfirio Díaz is elected president of Mexico after his reign as dictator for over 40 years.
-
The Mexican Revolution begins in an attempt to overthrow Diaz. It was led by Francisco I.
