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Henry VIII was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England.
Beginning of the Schism -
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A brief restoration of catholicism
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The Elizabethan age, considered as a "golden age" for England
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Every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
People who did not attend an Anglican service were fined -
Abolished the authority of the Pope
Restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
Made Elizabeth “supreme governor of the Church of England” -
The Pope excommunicated the queen because she was protestant
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Mary Queen of Scots was executed because she was a catholic scottish queen who had a claim to the english throne, and therefore was a threat to Elizabeth -
Son of Mary Queen of Scots. The origins of the conflict that led to the Civil War
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Jamestown in Virginia -
England had to face many military defeats
England was at war with Spain and France
Consequences of the war
The raising of troops (50 000) had important impacts on the local population
Created a huge strain on finances -
Development of the crisis that led to Civil War
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The member of the parlements :
Requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial
Wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers -
Charles I declared that there would be no more parliament, and ruled alone for 11 years
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The Monarchy and the House of Lords were abolished in England
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Led by Cromwell as a Lord Protector.
The Parliament was made of 460 MPs elected every 3 years
To be allowed to vote, a man had to own $200 of personal property
The Council of State was composed of 13 to 21 members who served for life -
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Charles II became king after the Declaration of Breda
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All ministers had to swear to conform to the book of common prayers -
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Problem for the parliament because he was a catholic king
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The Parliament invites the protestant William of Orange to invade England and seize the crown -
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Revolution against James II who was a catholic king
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Established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants
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Settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholics heirs
Successors : Hanoverian descendants of James I
--> Key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain -
Union between England and Scotland, Creation of the United Kingdom of Great England and Sctoland -
Period during which succeed 4 kings named Georges
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England lost a huge part of its empire
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Britain formally recognized the independence of the US -
An uprising against British rule in ireland
Influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions
The presbyterian radicals and catholics rebels were defeated -
Unification of Scotland, England and Ireland. Creation of the United Kingdom