Astarita Final By kltimelining Period: 1000 to 1100 Romanesque Style Prevails Period: 1200 to 1300 Gothic Style Prevails Period: 1200 to 1250 Foundation of Mendicant Orders (Franciscans and Dominicans) 1215 Magna Carta in England, Limiting Powers of Monarchy Period: 1309 to 1377 Popes Resettled in Avignon 1321 Death of Dante (Author of Divine Comedy) 1337 Death of Giotto, First Artist of the Renaissance 1337 Start of the Hundred Years' War Period: 1347 to 1352 Black Death Starts 1374 Death of Petrarch (Early Humanist) Period: 1378 to 1417 Great Schism of the Church Period: 1400 to 1500 Succession Wars in France, Britain, and Iberian Kingdoms 1417 Council of Constance Ends Great Schism 1418 Imitation of Christ, Central to the Modern Devotion 1429 Siege of Orleans 1431 Joan of Arc Trial and Execution 1434 Medici Dominance in Florence Period: 1450 to 1490 Humanism and Italian Prosperity Period: 1450 to 1500 Firearm and Artillery Development 1453 End of the Hundred Years' War — French Victory 1455 Gutenberg Bible Printed 1469 Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille 1479 Spanish Inquisition 1484 Hammer of Witches, Misogynist Tract on Demonic Witchcraft 1492 Spanish Conquest in Grenada, End of Muslim Rule in Spain, and Expulsion of Jews from Spain 1492 Columbus' Voyage to America 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas 1497 Vasco de Gama's Voyage to India Period: 1500 to 1600 Price Revolution, Increasing Inflation Period: 1500 to 1600 Population and Economic Growth in Europe Period: 1509 to 1547 Reign of Henry VIII in Europe Period: 1515 to 1547 Reign of Frances I in France 1516 Death of Ferdinand, Charles V Inherits Spanish Kingdoms 1517 Luther Post 95 Theses 1519 Charles V Becomes Holy Roman Emperor 1519 Cortez Arrives in Mexico Period: 1519 to 1522 Magellan's Ship Circumnavigates the Globe 1521 Charles V Condemns Luther, Pope Excommunicates Luther Period: 1524 to 1525 Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire 1529 Ottoman Siege of Vienna Fails Period: 1530 to 1540 Pizarro Leads Spanish Conquest of Peru Period: 1534 to 1549 Papacy of Paul III and Start of Catholic Reforms Period: 1534 to 1535 Anabaptists' Rule in Munster 1535 Founding of the Ursulines, Activist Order of Nuns 1536 Establishment of the English Reformation 1536 Death of Erasmus, Greatest Christian Humanist 1542 Centralization of Papal Inquisition in Rome 1545 Establishment of First Silver Mines in Potosi in South America Period: 1545 to 1563 Council of Trent Shapes Counter-Reformation 1546 Death of Luther 1550 Vasari Writes the Lives of Artists Period: 1550 to 1675 Witch Hunts Period: 1550 to 1600 Spread of Calvinism in France, Netherlands, and Scotland Period: 1553 to 1558 Reign of Mary I in England 1555 Peace of Ausburg Recognizes the Rights of Lutheran Princes 1556 Death of Ignatius Loyola, Founder of the Jesuits Period: 1556 to 1598 Philip II's Reign in Spain Period: 1558 to 1603 Reign of Elizabeth I in England, Returning England to Protestantism 1559 First Papal Index of Forbidden Books Period: 1562 to 1598 French Wars of Religion 1564 Death of Calvin 1566 Start of Dutch Calvinist Rebellion Against Spain 1571 Christian Victory Over Ottomans at Lepanto 1572 Saint Bartholomew's Massacre of the Huguenots in France Period: 1575 to 1600 Mannerism in the Arts 1582 Death of Teresa of Avila, Mystic and Saint 1587 Execution in England of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots 1588 Invincable Armada's Failed Expedition to England 1589 Henry IV Bourbon Becomes King of France 1598 Peace Between Spain and France 1598 Henry IV Issues Edict of Nantes, Granting Tolerance to Huguenots Period: 1600 to 1650 Dutch Dominate Trade Period: 1600 to 1700 Baroque in the Arts Period: 1600 to 1650 Military Revolution — Changes in Size and Organization of Armies Period: 1600 to 1700 General Economic Crisis — Plantation Economies in Colonies Period: 1603 to 1625 Reign of James I in England 1609 Bank of Amsterdam Becomes the First Public Bank Period: 1610 to 1643 Reign of Louis XIII in France Period: 1618 to 1648 Thirty Years' War Period: 1624 to 1642 Richelieu as the Chief Minister of France Period: 1625 to 1645 Reign of Charles I in England 1629 Edict of Restitution Widens Thirty Years' War Period: 1629 to 1640 Charles I Reigns Without Parliament 1632 Death of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in Thirty Years' War 1635 Foundation of the Academie Francaise Period: 1640 to 1653 Long Parliament in Session in England Period: 1640 to 1650 Wave of Revolts Against Spain in its European Lands 1642 Death of Monterverdi, First Great Opera Composer 1642 Death of Galileo, Italian Astronomer and Physicist Period: 1642 to 1645 English Civil War Period: 1643 to 1661 Mazarin as the Chief Minister of France Period: 1643 to 1715 Reign of Louis XIV in France 1648 Peace of Westphalia Ends Thirty Years' War — France Hegemony, Decline of the Holy Roman Empire 1648 Growth of Prussian State and Army Period: 1648 to 1653 Revolts in France Against the Monarchy 1649 Execution of Charles I of England Period: 1650 to 1700 English Dominate Trade 1651 Hobbes' Leviathan Published Period: 1653 to 1658 Military Dictatorship of Cromwell in England 1660 Foundation of the English Royal Society for the Spread of Science Period: 1660 to 1670 French Classicism and Salon Culture 1679 Habeas Corpus Law in England Period: 1682 to 1725 Reign of Peter the Great in Russia 1683 Failed Ottoman Siege of Vienna, Decline of Ottoman Empire, and Austrian Expansion in the Balkans 1685 Edict of Nantes Revoked, End of Tolerance for French Huguenots Period: 1685 to 1688 Reign of James II in England 1687 Newton's Principia Published 1688 Glorious Revolution: William & Mary Gain English Throne 1689 Bill of Rights in England 1690 Locke's Two Treatises of Government Published 1699 Death of Racine, Great French Classicist Playwright Period: 1700 to 1800 Aristocratic Presence in Politics and Society Period: 1700 to 1750 Rococo in the Arts Natural motifs Period: 1702 to 1713 War of Spanish Succession 1703 Founding of St. Petersburg 1713 Peace of Utrecht: Giving of Spanish Colonial Lands (Gibraltar to England) 1714 Hanover Dynasty Succeeds to English Throne Period: 1715 to 1774 Reign of Louis XV in France 1740 Richardson's Pamela Published Period: 1740 to 1780 Reign of Maria Theresa in Austria Period: 1740 to 1786 Reign of Frederick II in Prussia Period: 1740 to 1748 War of the Austrian Succession, Prussia Gains Territory 1748 Montesquieu's Spirit of Laws Published 1750 Death of J.S. Bach, Great Baroque Musician Period: 1750 to 1800 Population/Agricultural Growth and Beginnings of Industrialization Period: 1751 to 1752 Encyclopedie Published Period: 1756 to 1763 Seven Years' War/French and Indian War — French Loss of Colonies 1761 Execution of Jean Calas 1761 Rousseau's New Heloise Published 1762 Rousseau's Emile and the Social Contract Published Period: 1762 to 1796 Reign of Catherine II in Russia 1764 Beccaria's Of Crimes and Punishment Published 1765 Development of the Spinning Jenny 1768 Death of Winckelmann, Theorist of Neoclassicism 1769 Development of James Watt's Steam Engine 1770 Captain Cook Reaches Australia 1774 Goethe's Werther Published 1776 Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations Published 1778 Death of Rousseau and Voltaire Period: 1780 to 1790 Reign of Joseph II in Austria 1789 Start of the French Revolution 1791 Death of Mozart 1804 Death of Immanuel Kant, Enlightenment Moral Philosopher