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Jan 1, 1500
Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal.
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Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Lindsay Johnson Absolutism and World Exploration
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Jan 1, 1501
Michelangelo begins to work on David
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Jan 1, 1513
Machiavelli writes The Prince
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Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts 95 Theses
Martin Luther writes up the 95 theses of what he believes needs to be reformed. Starts the reformation in Europe. -
Period: Jan 1, 1519 to Dec 31, 1556
Reign of Charles V SPAIN
Was the Grandson of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.
Carried the title of Holy Roman Emperor – making him the ruler of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
Was constantly at war with France, Protestants and Ottoman Empire.
Later became a monk. -
Jan 1, 1523
Sweden gains independence from the Kalmar Union.
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Jan 1, 1523
The Cocoa bean was introduced to Spain by Hernán Cortés
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Period: Jan 1, 1531 to Dec 31, 1532
The Church of England breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church and recognizes King Henry VIII as the head of the Church.
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Jan 1, 1532
Francisco Pizarro leads the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
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Jan 1, 1553
Mary Tudor becomes the first queen regnant of England and restores the Church of England under Papal authority
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Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg
The treaty was between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldic League, an alliance of Lutheran princes, on September 25, 1555, at the imperial city of Augsburg. It officially ended the religious struggle between the two groups and made the legal division of Christendom permanent within the Holy Roman Empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1556 to
Reign of Phillip II - SPAIN & PORTUGAL
King of the Spaniards (1556–98) and king of the Portuguese (as Philip I, 1580–98), champion of the Roman Catholic Counter-Reformation. -
Nov 17, 1558
Queen Mary Tudor dies
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Period: Jan 1, 1562 to
French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). The conflict involved the factional disputes between the aristocratic houses of France, such as the House of Bourbon and House of Guise (Lorraine), and both sides received assistance from foreign sources. -
Jan 1, 1563
The Church of England's 39 Articles of Religion
Published under Elizabeth's reign in England and incorporated elements of Catholic ritual along with Calvinist beliefs. -
Apr 26, 1564
William Shakespeare baptized
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Jan 1, 1567
Mary, Queen of Scots, is imprisoned by Elizabeth I.
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Jan 1, 1568
Scottish Calvinists force Mary Stuart to abdicate the throne of Scotland
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Period: Jan 1, 1568 to
Eighty Years' War
The Eighty Years' War, or Dutch War of Independence began as a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands. -
Period: Jan 1, 1568 to Dec 31, 1571
Morisco Revolt in Spain.
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Oct 6, 1569
Lithuiana and Poland comine into one single Commonwealth
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Jan 1, 1571
Pope Pius V completes the Holy League as a united front against the Ottoman Turks.
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Jan 1, 1571
The Spanish-led Holy League navy destroys the Ottoman Empire navy at the Battle of Lepanto.
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Oct 7, 1571
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto took place when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of southern European Catholic maritime states, decisively defeated the main fleet of the Ottoman Empire in five hours of fighting on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece. The Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto met the Holy League forces, which had come from Messina. -
Aug 24, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots, during the French Wars of Religion. Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place four days after the wedding of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre. -
Oct 6, 1573
Ottomans seize Cyprus
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Period: Jan 1, 1574 to
Reign of Henry III
stepped in when his brother Charles IX died and became king of France - making the division in France even more dangerous -
William of Orange Assassination
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Retreat of the Spanish Armada
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England defeats the Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada sailed to England having the intention to overthrow Elizabeth I of England and putting an end to her involvement in the Spanish Netherlands. The Aramada reached and anchored outside of Gravelines but while awaiting to hear from the Duke of Parma, the armada was driven out by the English fire ship attack. -
Period: to
reign of Lutheran Denmark King Chistian IV
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Jews able to worship freely in their synagouges
This made the Dutch Republic one of Europe's chief intellectual nd scientific centeres in the 17th and 18th century. -
Edict of Nantes
The edict was issued by Henry IV of France, and granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. -
Period: to
Shakespeare writes Hamlet
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Period: to
Reign of James I
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Shakespeare's King Lear
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The Gunpower Plot
The attempt by Catholics to kill King James I and most of the Protestant aristocracy
Blew up the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament.
Later becomes known and celebrated as Guy Fawkes Day -
Shakespeare's Macbeth
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Jamestown, Virginia, is settled
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The Netherlands and Spain agree to a Twelve Years' Truce in the Eighty Years' War.
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William Shakespeare dies.
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The Bohemian Revolt precipitates the Thirty Years' War
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Period: to
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a series of wars principally fought in Central Europe, involving most of the countries of Europe. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, and one of the longest continuous wars in modern history. -
Period: to
Polish-Ottoman War over Moldavia.
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The Dutch West India Company invades the Portuguese colony of Bahia in Brazil.
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Period: to
Reign of Charles I
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Petition of Right
In return form money to fund his wars, Charles I agreed to:
No Imprisonment without due cause
No taxation without Parliament’s consent
No putting soldiers in private homes
No martial law during peacetime
He signed and then ignored by dissolving Parliament. In return form money to fund his wars, Charles I agreed to:
No Imprisonment without due cause
No taxation without Parliament’s consent
No putting soldiers in private homes
No martial law during peacetime
He signed and then ignored -
Edict of Restitution
A belated attempt by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor to impose and restore the religious and territorial situations reached in the Peace of Augsburg -
Battle of the Alte Veste
the army of Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus had been besieged by Albrecht von Wallenstein at Nürnberg. The successes of Gustavus Adolphus over General Tilly forced Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II to recall Albrecht von Wallenstein into military service from retirement -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
Triennial Act: Stated that Parliament must be called into session at least once every 3 years
Charles I attempts to arrest 5 MPS and fails -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Period: to
The English Civil War
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Period: to
Ottoman war with Venice. The Ottomans invade Crete and capture Canea.
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The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.
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Period: to
Peace of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognizing the independence of the Dutch Republic. -
Pride's Purge
Cromwell purges the House of Commons of moderates
The result of the Purge was the “Rump” Parliament
THE BEHEADING OF CHARLES I
The vote by the Rump Parliament was a vote of 68 - 67 -
Period: to
Commonwealth Interregnum Period
Cromwell ruled the Rump Parliament
Constitutional Republic
Created a constitution – Instrument of Government
Created a Council of State that was annually elected from the committee of Parliament
NO Monarch
Most of Europe does not recognize the new government -
Period: to
The Protectorate Period
Cromwell dissolved the “Rump” Parliament in 1653
Declares martial law
Establishes a Military dictator
Religious tolerance for all except for Catholics
Crushes a rebellion in Scotland
Crushes a rebellion among the Catholics of Ireland – killed 40% of all ethnic Irish. -
Period: to
First Anglo Dutch War
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Galileo Galilei
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Period: to
Second Anglo Dutch War
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Period: to
Third Anglo Dutch War
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Period: to
King James II
A bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s ability to compromise
Alienated the Tories
Provoked the revolution that Charles II had avoided
Surrounded himeself with Catholics
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament
Declaration of Liberty of Consccience
Extended religious toleration without Parliament’s approval -
Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau. -
English Bill of Rights
Settled major issues between the King and Parliament
Served as a model for the U.S. Bill of Rights
Formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18th and early 19th C in England -
Salem witch trials in Massachusetts.
The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts -
Period: to
Famine in France kills 2 million
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The Bank of England is established.
