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The Kingdom of Spain charts its origin in the marriage fo Ferdinand and Isabella in 1469. Their union, and their rule, triggered a war that forged the modern world. -
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne after her half-sister's death. She was very well educated, inheriting intelligence, determination, and shrewdness from both parents. Her 45-year reign is generally considered one of the most glorious in English history.
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The Edict of Nantes definition is that it provided religious tolerance s well as civil rights for the Huguenots in a predominantly Roman Catholic country. -
Don Quixote is considered by many to be the first modern novel and one of the greatest novels of all time. -
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history.
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The Petition of Right was sent by English Parliament to King Charles I to complain about a series of breaches of law he had made. -
The reign of Louis XIV is forever associated with the image of an absolute monarch and a strong, centralized state.
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The Long Parliament was an English Parliament and followed the fiasco fo the Short Parliament.
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The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. -
Hobbes wrote many books and contributed to many academic fields but Leviathan is the one he is best remembered for. -
Charles II reign was known in English history as the Restoration period.
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Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg ad had a victory against Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
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The Glorious Revolution is the term used to summarise events leading to the deposition of James II and VII of England, Ireland, and Scotland.
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The English Bill of Rights was passed as British Law and was quickly followed by the Mutiny Act of 1689 which sought to limit the maintenance of a standing army during peacetime to one year. -
Two Treatises of Government was a major statement of the political philosophy of the English philosopher John Locke. -
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer ad musician of the late Baroque period.
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"Robinson Crusoe" is a tale of a famous castaway many readers believed that he was a real person. -
Gulliver's Travels is Swift's best-known full-length work and a classic of English literature. -
Frederick II was a brilliant military campaigner who, in a series of diplomatic stratagems and wars against Austria and other powers.
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"The Spirit of Laws" is Montesquieu's political theory along with comparative law. The book stated that social and geographical aspects of the particular community need to be reflected by political institutions. -
The Encyclopédia is a twenty-eight-volume reference book.
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The Seven Years' War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France.
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Voltaire's Candide was a famous satire. -
George III pushed through a British victory in the Seven Years' War, led England's successful resistance to Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, and presided over the loss of the American Revolution.
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Catherine II reigned over Russia for 34 years and westernized the country and led her country into full participation in the political and cultural life of Europe.
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Joseph II was the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine.
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The Boston Massacre was a deadly riot on King Street in Boston where nine British soldiers shot five rioters. -
The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty were tea was dumped into the harbor off of merchant ships. -
The Intolerable Acts were a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament after the Boston Tea Party. -
The Battle of Lexington and Concord was the first military engagement of the American Revolutionary War within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy, and Cambridge. -
The "Wealth of Nations" was a paper with the central idea that individuals must fulfill self-interest, resulting in societal benefits. This consists of farm output and manufactured goods with labor to produce these products. -
The signing of the Declaration of Independence occurred at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia. -
The Battle of Yorktown was a decisive engagement where Washington's forces defeated Lord Charles Conrwallis' veteran army in Yorktown, Virginia.
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The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives and ended the War of the American Revolution. -
The Tennis Court Oath was a key moment that set off the French Revolution. -
The US Constitution was ratified when 9 out of the 13 states enacted the new government. -
The Women's March of Versailles was a large number of women who marched into Versailles for the purpose of getting more bread in France. -
The Storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris, France when revolutionary insurgents stormed and seized control of the medieval armory. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Man, set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution. -
The Declaration of the Rights of Woman was written by French activist, feminist, and playwright Olympe de Gouges in response to the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man. -
The Reign of Terror was a period of the French Revolution.
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A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was written by Mary Wollstonecraft who was an English writer, feminist, and moral and political philosopher. -
During the Radical Phase, the monarchy was abolished and a republic was established.
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The National Convention came about when the Legislative Assembly decreed the provisional suspension of King Louis XVI and the convocation of a National Convention to draw up a new constitution with no monarchy. -
The Committee of Public Safety was created by the National Convention and was charged with the protection of the new republic against its foreign and domestic enemies. -
The Five Man Directory was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic.
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Napoleon I was the architect of France's recovery following the Revolution before setting out to conquer Europe. -
The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement that took place between the British Royal Navy and the fleets of France and Spanish Navies. -
The Battle of Austerlitz was also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors and is considered Napoleon's greatest victory. This battle forced Austria to make peace with France and kept Prussia out of the anti-French alliance. -
The Battle of Leipzig marked the climax of the campaigns in Germany that began in the wake of Napoleon's disaster in Russia.
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Napoleon Bonaparte abdicates the throne, and in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba -
The Congress of Vienna settled the frontiers of all territories north of the Alps and laid the foundations for the settlement of Italy.
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Napoleon arrived in St. Helena after ten weeks at sea on board the HMS Northumberland. -
The "Social Contract" by Rousseau was to outline a theory of society and government in which a social contract among a people would preserve their freedom. -
Henry VIII is best known for his tumultuous love life and the establishment of the Church of England.