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Henry was the King who broke from the Catholic church and created the anglican church. Originally was a strong proponent of the church, but when the pope wouldn't grant him a divorce, he split with Rome.
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With the printing press, his ideas were able to be quickly spread around Europe and open the way for protestantism.
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Charles did much during his rule, controlling parts of Spain, Italy and Germany. He did much for overseas expansion, and one of the things he was most well-known for was his strong feelings toward Catholicism and dislike of everything else.
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The Portugese explorer was the first to make the global voyage around the earth.
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The Ottomans wanted to expand into Europe, and laid siege to the city of Vienna.
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In the relatively short time afterwards, roughly 200,000 copies were produced and distributed around HRE, marking the first time people could actually read the bible for themselves.
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The society of Jesus is formed to halp evangilize and stengthen the church. They answered only to the Pope.
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The city of Geneva nominated John Calvin as their leader and allowed him to rule the city according to his teachings. Many others soon followed and Calvinism became one of the fastest growing religions in Europe.
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A peace between Charles the V and the Luthern Princes. It granted the right for princes to pick the religion of their land and subjects
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They had 25 sessions discussing reforms for the Catholic Church while being distracted wars and plagues, but most importantly that Luther was wrong and a combination of faith and good works were needed. Many new religious orders were formed after.
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In Geneva, Calvin would often act quickly and with extreme force if the people didn't adhere to strict Calvinist beliefs.
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The son of Charles V, he was the King of Spain at the height of its imperial dominance. He was a Catholic and didn't like Protestant England and was the king who organized the Armada. During his rule, in 1581, the Dutch republic declared independence which was a hit to his contol.
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Queen Elizabeth retook control of England from Mary Tudor and returned England to protestantism. She is perhaps the most famous Queen of England and oversaw England's premier literature phase with the likes of Shakespeare and such.
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A series of wars fought by the Catholics and the Protestants, ending with the Edict of Nantes that granted religious freedom.
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The forced Muslim converts to Christianity rose up and revolted, killing christians and priests. Philip responded by making 50,000 of them relocate to different provinces.
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Pope Gregory XIII decided that the way the current calender was set up was faulty, specifically because each year Easter would get later and later in the year. He reformed the entire calender and it became the new standard calender of the western world.
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Elizabeth defeats the Spanish armada and establishes England as the premier naval power of Europe. This marked the beginning of England's rise as the most powerful nation in the World.
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Born Catholic but raised protestant, he was the first Bourbon King of France. He often found himself fighting with Catholics.
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Allows people of the HRE to practice Calvinism in private, legalzing the religion.
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Followed Elizabeth I as monarch of England, he is most famously known for his translation of the Bible that was widely apapted by all English speaking peoples.
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Henry IV of France was assassinated. He was the first French Bourbon and a Calvinist who promoted the Edict of Nantes.
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King James I of England translated the Bible into the English langauge for the first time, primarily for the Anglican Church, but also used by English speaking members of other fiaths.
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One of the longest and most detructive wars of Europe, it was largely a religious war between the Protestants and Catholics, but eventually became a war of the Hapsburg-Bourbon rivalry.
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When the parliment had finally grown tired of Charles I, war broke out between the supporters of the two groups with the PArliment ultimately being successful and riding themselves of Charles.
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The end of the 30 years war where Spain recognized the Dutch republic after years of fighting.
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After his failed marriage to a Hapsburg, he married a Bourbon princess from France. Feeling that the majortity of his policies and reforms were Catholic, the parliment rose up and defeated him in a civil war. He surreneded, escaped captivity, then recaptured, tried, convicted and executed. After his death, the monarchy was revoked and the Commonwealth of England was established.
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One of the earliest books about social contract theory, it discusses the ideas about government and how if there is a strong central government, civil war can be averted.
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After Oliver Cromwell had driven him out of England, he waited on Mainland Europe for Cromwell to die upon which point he retook control of Great Britain.
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Louis XIV moved the politcal and social center to Versailles with the construction of his new palace, revoked the Edict of Nantes essentially kicking all of the protestants out of France, and he fought many wars with Spain, particularly in the Spanish Netherlands.
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Published in London, Boyle's book was one major scientific advancement of the time. It revolutionized atomic theory by changing the view of what an atom was.
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Raging for three days, the fire wiped out a substantial part of the city in cluding St. Pauls cathedral and old London. Starting after midnight in a bakery, the fire spread to rapidly and be contained by traditional fire fighting measures and only was succesfully stopped after the strong winds died down.
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Louis XIV repealled the Edict of Nantes with the Edict of Fontainbleau. Rather than convert, almost 400,000 protestants left France and went to France's enemies.
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Ruled until outsed by the glorious revolution in 1688
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The English Parliment and William of Orange combined forces to overthrow King James II of England. Fearing a return to catholicism, the parliment reached out to William for assistance in removing James II.
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After the glorious revolution, William of Orange was declared as King fo England with his wife Mary. Was given the position by parliment and ruled together until Mary's death in 1694.
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The Bank was founded as the central monetary control of England, and became the model for which almost are banks were based upon.