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Hampton Court Conference
A meeting between King James I of England and leading members of the Church of England (many of them Puritans) At the conference, James I denounced the Puritans, and announcd his intent to fortify Anglican power over Puritan. The conference heightened relgious tension between the two groups, and actually caused many Puritans to flee England and settle in North America in pursuit of religious toleration. image source:
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=hampton+court+conference&um=1&hl=en&safe=off& -
Period: to
Transition to a Limited Monarchy
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The Long Parliament
This particularily long Parliament session lasted 20 years from 1640 to 1660. This 2 decade session was originally called by Charles when the Scots defeated the English in the Battle of Newburn.
Parliament accomplished a lot:
-Abolished courts that enforced the Royal policy
-Prohibited any levying of new taxes without IT'S consent
-no more than 3 years should lapse between meetings
-King had no power to dissolve Parliament without it's consent
http://www.google.com/imgres?q=the+long+parliament -
English Civil War
- King wanted to surpress the Scottsh Rebellion, so he sought Parliament to raise funds for an army to do so.
- Charles' opponents did not want him in charge of Army -. in 1642, Charles invaded Parliament to arrest dissenters, but they escaped. Charles then fled London to raise an army of his own. -Majority of House passed "Militia Ordinance" which allowed Parliament to raise its own army to fight back. -led by Oliver Cromwell Cromwell's Roundheads defeated the King's Cavalier's
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Oliver Cromwell's Puritan Republic
Lasting from 1645- Cromwell's Death in 1658
Cromwell prevailed in 1645, taking power of England and forming the first Puritan Republic.
-Tried the King and executed him in 1645
-Parliament proceeded to abolish the Monarchy, the House of Lords and the Anglican Church
-Cromwell abolished Parliament when it wanted to disband his 50 K army
-Ruled as Lord Protector with an iron grip on England till his death in 1658 -
Reign of Charles II
1660-1685
Charles II restored the Monarchy back to England after Cromwell's repressive 11 year rule.
-returned England to the status quo of 1642 with a hereditary monarchy,
Charles II was actually a secret Catholic sympathizer, and wanted Catholics and Puritans to be able to worship freely, though this was illegal thanks to the Clarendon Code.
HIs rule is characterized as re-franchisement of Catholics in England, through things like "Declaration of Indulgences" which revoked anti-catholic laws -
The Glorious Revolution
the English wanted Catholic James' protestant daughter Mary to succeed him
-instead, his catholic wife gave birth to a boy
Traditional Liberties were at risk!
William'of Orange' army arrived, driving James out
Bill and Mary recognized a Bill of Rights, which limited power of monarchy and guaranteed the civil liberties of the English priviliged class
-Under William and Mary, the monarchs would be subject to law and rule by the consent of Parliament
-Parliament was required to meet every 3 years -
Rule of Sir Robert Walpole
The final stage of England's transition to Limited Monarchy
Walpole's Reign is characterized by peace abroad, and the status quo at home;
-no large standing army
-religious tolerance
-freedom of speech
-freedom of association
-newspapers and public debate
The power of the Monarchs were greatly limited, and Parliament couldnt ignore popular influence (a fair balance)
Walpole's rule was one astly different than past rulers. Because of Walpole's limited monarchy, England became a world power.
