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It was invented by John Kay and pattented in 1733.A mechanical device used for weaving, moved by means of ropes and pullies. This invention made it possible for weavers to operate large looms and weave wide pieces of cloth. -
A period of global transition of human economy to wards more wides, pread, efficient and stable manufactoring processes.These technological changes introduced novel ways of working and living and fundamentally transformed society.
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The James Watt steam engine is considered the first tryly efficient steam engine, as it solved the problem of energy was tage through the use of a separate condenses. Number of patent 913, requested on January and after registered. -
It was invented by Richard Arkwright and pattented in 1769. A spnning machine powered by water that produced a cotton yarn suitable for warp. -
It was invented in 1764 by James Hargraves but it was pattented in 1770 (patent n. 962). A multi-spindle spinning frame and it was used for spinning wool or cotton and reduced the amount of work needed to produce cloth. -
The military conflict of the American Revolution, an insurrection by Patriots in the 13 colonies against British rule.
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The declaration explains to the word why the 13 colonies regarded themselves as independent sovereign states no longer subjet to British colonial rule. -
It was invented by Samuel Crompton. A process of spinning that produces extremely fine yarn by drawing and twisting the roving, and winding the resultant yarn onto a bobbin or spindle in the form of a cop. -
Treaty known as the “Peace of Paris” signed in September and effective from November, in France. One point of the treaty dictated that Great Britain recognize the sovereignty of the United States. -
It was invented by Edmund Cartwrigh in 1784 and pattented in 1786. A kind of machinery that is worked with electric power for making a piece of fabric. It is used for making yarn to fabric in a short period of time. -
Congress adopted the Constitution as the law of the land. -
Carlos Antonio de Borbón y Sajonia was King of Spain of the House of Bourbon. After the death without issue of his uncle, King Ferdinand VI of Spain, his father took the Spanish throne and his old brother was removed due to his serious disability.
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King Louis XVI decided to call together the Estates General in order to increase taxes in France. -
The third Estates formed a National Assembly and demanded a constitution in France.
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A new assembly was elected to write a new constitution in France.
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Riot in the street of Paris and attacked the Bastille by the French people in France. -
The Constitution Assembly implemented legal reforms such as the DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OFMAN AND THE CITIZEN in France. -
The Constituent Assembly adopted a constitution in France. -
A new assembly was elected and it was dominated by Girondins and the Jacobins in France.
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King Louis XVI was accused of treason and then executed in France. -
It was a new assembly in the new republic of France.
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An agreement signed between France and Spain that restored to Spain peninsular territory lost during the Franco-Spanish War (1792-1795) and gave Santo Domingo to France. -
France's moderate middle class had gained control of the country. This was a more conservative government which was composed of five members.
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A coup d’état that overthrew the system of government under the Directory in France and substituted the Consulate, making way for the despotism of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
General Napoleon Bonaparte and a military coup established a new form of government in France. This was a group of three leaders.
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A secret agreement between Spain and France where Louisiana territory and the duchy of Parma returned to France in exchange for the grand duchy of Etruria in Tuscany. -
An uprising against King Charles IV. The revolt was instigated by dissatisfied citizens and by Ferdinand's supporters to achieve the fall of the monarch and the subsequent accession of his son Ferdinand VII. -
It was invented by Richard Trevithick. First steam locomotive railway using a locomotive called "The Penydarren". -
Civil Code signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent and marked a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law legal system, making laws clearer and more accessible. -
His desire was to create a united Europa, made up of Kingdoms that were dependent on france and were under his control.
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The Croydon Merstham & Godstone goods railway opens. It was the first commercial railway and was connected to the Surrey Iron Railway. -
A naval engagement in the Atlantic Ocean between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition of the Napoleonic Wars. -
Also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors because Napoleon confronted Austrian and Russian armies led by Francis II and Alexander I respectively. While Savary, Napoleon's aide, was negotiating an armistice with the Allies, his soldiers prepared defensive positions. It was one of the important and decisive engagement. -
The Continental Blockade or Continental System, was a large-scale embargo by Napoleon Bonaparte against the British Empire, he forbade all British goods and commerce entering the continent. -
A type of steam-powered vessel, typically ocean-faring and seaworthy, that is propelled by one or more steam engines that typically move (turn) propellers or paddlewheels by Robert Fulton in 1793. First voyage was from New York City to Albany and back. -
Spain signed this treaty with France where Spain agreed to help France to invade Portugal. -
The population of Madrid, which had been in a state of unrest for a couple of weeks due to the presence of the French troops, staged an uprising. -
Military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic War.
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The French emperor Napoleon I forced two Spanish kings, Charles IV and his son, Ferdinand VII, to renounce the throne in his favour. -
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. During Napoleonic Wars, he was King of Spain.
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During the war for Spanish independence against the Napoleonic occupation. It was the first great defeat the Napoleonic army sustained. -
The Central Board convenes Cortes through the Instruction that must be observed for the election of Cortes Deputies. They comprise 702 deputies, who are ecclesiastics, lawyers, professors, soldiers, nobles and the common state. -
A labor movement that railed against the ways that mechanized manufacturers and their unskilled laborers undermined the skilled craftsmen of the day. -
"La Pepa" also known as the Constitution of Cádiz, the first Constitution of Spain. It ratified by the Cortes of Cádiz. -
An agreement signed between the French Empire and the Spanish Crown where provided for the restoration of Ferdinand VII as King of Spain, who had been imprisoned in France, in the Château de Valençay, since his abdication in 1808. -
Process aimed at restoring the Ancien Regime with king Ferdinand VII, absolute monarchy, for 6 years until the beginning of the liberal period, in Spain.
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An assenbly that reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
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At this battle Napoleon was finally defeated. -
A coalition created by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia to prevent revolutionary influences in Europe and serve as a bastion against democracy, revolution, and secularism. It was established after the ultimate defeat of Napoleon at the behest of Tsar Alexander I. -
The Congress of Tucuman in the Northern territories met in the Bazan family, now the Casa Historica de la Independencia museum, and declared the independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata from Spain. -
The document declaring the independence of Chile from the Spanish Empire was drafted in January 1818 and approved by Supreme Director, Bernardo O'Hjiggins, on 12 February 1818 at Talca. -
A liberal revolution in Spain, in Greece to achieve independence from the Ottoman Empire and in Portugal that began in Porto, quickly spreading without resistance to several other Portuguese cities and towns, culminating in the Lisbon revolt. -
A period of three years when a liberal government ruled Spain after a military uprising in January 1820 by the lieutenant-colonel Rafael de Riego against the absolutist rule of Ferdinand VII.
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The great Colombia was made up of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Venezuela became independent in 1811 and Ecuador in 1822. The First General Congress of the Republic of Colombia was a constituent assembly where the founding of Gran Colombia and its independence from the Spanish Empire was ratified. -
The document declaring the independence of Peru from the Spanish Empire was written by Manuel Pérez de Tudela, it was signed by the majority of members of the Cabildo, the secular clergy of Lima and prominent members of society. In total, 339 men from the city, considered “illustrious neighbors,” signed it that day. -
The document declaring the independence of Mexico from the Spanish Empire was drawn up in the National Palace in Mexico City by Juan José Espinosa de los Monteros, secretary of the Supreme Provisional Government Board and was signed by 33 of the 38 members of the Board with Iturbide in his capacity as president of the Regency. -
A term for the last ten years of the reign of King Ferdinand VII of Spain, dating from the abolition of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 to his death.The liberals were ruthlessly repressed and persecuted in this period and many of them were executed.
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A liberal revolution that included two "romantic nationalist" revolutions, the Belgian Revolution in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands and the July Revolution in France, along with rebellions in Congress Poland, the Italian states, Portugal, and Switzerland. -
Pragmatic Sanction of King Ferdinand VII of Spain which promulgated his predecessor Charles IV’s unpublished decision of 1789 revoking the Salic law of succession, which had denied royal succession to females. The Pragmatic Sanction was intended to permit his unborn child to succeed to the throne, even if it were female. -
It was fought between two factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy: the conservative and devolutionist supporters of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón, became known as Carlists, while the progressive and centralist supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, were called Liberals.
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A working class movement which the aim was to gain political rights and influence for the working classes. Their demands were widely publicized through their meetings and pamphlets. The origin of the movement was in the London Workers' Association.
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Juan Álvarez Menizábal, prime minister of Queen Regent Maria Christina was reponsible for the Ecclesiastical Consfiscation. It was the expropriation and privatisation of monastic properties in Spain. -
General Baldomero Espartero arrived to power after the revolution of 1840 as regent of Spain until the govermment induced the Cortes to declare Isabella of age at 13. He was put on the throne by the progressive party.
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The elder daughter of Ferdinand VII by his fourth wife, María Cristina, Isabella was proclaimed queen on her father’s death in 1833. During Isabella’s minority, her mother and Gen. Espartero acted successively as regents, until Espartero was deposed by military officers and Isabella was declared of age.
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A political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League. The text is the first and most systematic attempt by Marx and Engels to codify for widespread consumption the core historical materialist idea that, in which social classes are defined by the relationship of people to the means of production. -
A liberal revolution known in some countries as Spring of the People or Spring of Nations, was a series of revolutions throughout Europe over more than a year. The participating people were Ireland, France, the German Confederation, Hungary, Italian states, Denmark, Moldova, Wallachia, Poland and others. -
A political and social movement that resulted in the consolidation of different states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy with King Victor Emmanuel II.
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Finance Minister Madoz carried out a new confiscation. . It included the lands and censuses of the state; of the clergy; of the military orders of Santiago, Alcántara, Montesa and St. John of Jerusalem; of confraternities, sanctuaries and shrines; of a former infante, Don Carlos; and of the mortmains. The order was published on 3 May, and the instruction to carry it out was given on 31 May. -
The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International, was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle.
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A process of building the first nation-state for Gemans with federal features based on the concept of lesser Germany.
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An association of workers in a particular trade, industry, or company created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining. The Manchester Trades Union was the first. -
A transitional executive that was formed in Spain after the triumph of the Revolution of 1868—the Glorious—, which ended the reign of Isabel II. The Cortes appointed General Serrano as regent while General Prim became president of the government. The main task of the new government was to search for a king among the various European royal families.
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This Constitution was basically the result of the democratic principles of the Revolution of 1868. It was the first to be drawn up by an assembly elected by universal male suffrage. The main points were national sovereignty, universal suffrage, non-denominationalism, separation of powers and, above all, a broad declaration of rights. -
Also known as the Technological Revolution was a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardisation, mass production and industrialisation. Rapid advances in the creation of steel, chemicals and electricity helped fuel production, including mass-produced consumer goods and weapons.
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An Italian prince who was elected by the Cortes Generales as Spain's monarch, following the deposition of Isabel II. He's reign was fraught with growing republicanism, Carlist rebellions in the north, and the Cuban independence movement.
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Political regime in Spain after the abdication of King Amadeo I. It was proclaimed by a parliamentary majority made up of radicals, republicans and democrats.
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Partido Socialista Obrero Español founded by Pablo Iglesias in Madrid. A social-democratic, left-wing and progressive political party in Spain. -
It continued the work of the dissolved First International, though excluding the powerful anarcho-syndicalist movement.
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Confederación Nacional del Trabajo founden in Barcelona. A Spanish confederation of anarcho-syundicalist labour unions.